高中数学习题课教学的案例研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 16:10

【摘要】：习题课作为高中数学课堂教学的重要组成部分,对培养学生的解题能力、提高教学质量都起着非常重要的作用。而对于数学教师来说,上好一节习题课,需要教师做好充足的准备,根据学生的认知结构,制定严密的教学计划,帮助学生梳理已学知识,通过习题课的讲解促进学生知识掌握的系统化。因此,如何促进高中数学习题课教学更加有效地开展是我国许多数学学者和广大数学教师极为关注的问题。基于上述考虑,本文采用文献分析法、案例研究法和课堂观察法的研究方法,结合笔者自己在山西省临汾S中学的实习经验,以笔者及所带的高一年级全体学生为研究对象,利用接近五个月的实习代课时间,深入到高一数学课堂中,在习题课的教学实践过程中做了一个关于新手型教师如何上好高中数学习题课的案例研究。本研究主要探究以下两个问题:(1)寻找在“必修一”中,高中生学习存在困难的习题课内容;(2)针对以上习题内容,找到突破方法,从而提高学生的数学成绩。通过对高中数学习题课的课前教案准备、课堂教学、课后评价及反思等教学活动的研究,进一步分析整理,从而更全面地认识高中数学习题课教学中的问题并通过研究得到以下结论:(1)学生在必修一的“函数的单调性与奇偶性”、“指数函数及其性质的应用”、“对数函数及其性质的应用”这三个专题的习题求解存在困难;(2)课前进行知识梳理和学情预测能真实有效地了解学生的掌握现状,并针对性地进行习题选编;(3)课上通过讲练结合的方式引导学生主动思考,培养学生的数学思维,讲时多与学生进行交流,了解学生的解题思维,发现解题障碍,引导学生找出突破障碍的方法;练时给足学生思考空间,针对习题误区加强练习,从而提高学生们的解题效率和课堂教学效率;(4)课后及时批改和订正作业,找出并分析失误原因,给予学困生足够重视,从而整体提高学生数学成绩。
[Abstract]:Exercise course, as an important part of mathematics teaching in senior high school, plays an important role in cultivating students' ability to solve problems and improving teaching quality. For mathematics teachers, it is necessary for them to make adequate preparations for a class of exercises, to formulate strict teaching plans according to the students' cognitive structure, and to help students to sort out the knowledge they have learned. To promote the systematization of students' knowledge mastery through the explanation of exercise class. Therefore, how to promote the teaching of mathematics exercises in senior high school more effectively is a matter of great concern to many mathematics scholars and mathematics teachers in our country. Based on the above considerations, this paper adopts the methods of literature analysis, case study and classroom observation, combined with the author's own practice experience in Linfen S Middle School in Shanxi Province, taking the author and all the students of Grade one of senior high school as the research objects. In this paper, a case study on how novice teachers teach math exercises in senior high school is made in the process of teaching exercises in senior high school. This research mainly explores the following two problems: (1) to find out the content of the problem course in the "compulsory one", and (2) to find the breakthrough method in view of the above problem content, so as to improve the students' mathematics achievement. Through the research on the teaching activities such as preparation of pre-class teaching plan, classroom teaching, after-class evaluation and reflection, etc., it is further analyzed and sorted out. In order to fully understand the problems in the teaching of senior high school mathematics exercises and draw the following conclusions through the research: (1) students in the compulsory "monotonicity and parity of functions", "exponential functions and their properties of the application", It is difficult to solve the problem of "logarithmic function and its application". (2) knowledge combing and learning situation prediction before class can truly and effectively understand the current situation of students' mastery, and carry out exercises compilation pertinently; (3) to guide students to think actively, cultivate students' mathematical thinking, communicate with students more, understand students' thinking of solving problems, find out obstacles of solving problems, and guide students to find ways to break through obstacles; In practice, enough students should be given space to think, and practice should be strengthened to improve the efficiency of problem solving and classroom teaching. (4) correct and revise the homework in time after class, find out and analyze the causes of mistakes, pay enough attention to the students with learning difficulties, so as to improve the students' mathematics achievement as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

【参考文献】