STEM教学模式的设计与实践研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 19:18

【摘要】：STEM 是科学(Science)、技术(Technology)、工程(Engineering)和数学(Mathematics)四门学科英文首字母的简称。作为一种跨学科融合的新型教育形式,STEM教育体现了新课改背景下强调能力发展、重视实践应用等思想,旨在通过探究式、项目式、体验式、问题导向式等学习途径解决STEM学科问题或现实问题,以激发学生对科技理工类学科的兴趣,锻炼与提升学生的STEM综合素养,最终推动我国创新型、创业型人才的培养。STEM素养主要指学生在处理STEM问题时,其自身所具备的相关知识、思维、能力及态度的综合表现,是STEM教育的基本培养目标,也是21世纪学生所应具备的一项关键能力。在STEM教学实施中,学习活动的设计要能充分体现STEM教育的特点,让学生在资源丰富的学习环境中进行自主探究与制作,以最大限度地发展学生的STEM综合素养。据现有研究来看,尚未形成相对完善的、具有一定权威性的STEM教育应用模式。本研究总体上采用了基于设计的研究方法。首先,通过大量的相关文献研究,对国内外STEM教育研究现状及STEM教学模式研究现状进行梳理和总结。其次,在对STEM素养概念及构成进行深入剖析的基础上,根据STEM教育的特点,分析并提出了 STEM素养框架。然后,基于上述研究,从培养学生STEM素养的视角,设计并构建了 STEM教育应用于课堂教学的一般模式。最后,以一门具体课程为例,通过迭代实验对STEM教学模式进行修正,并验证了其可行性。由学生作品、调查问卷、师生访谈以及学生课堂表现等多项数据表明,STEM教学模式能够较好地锻炼与发展学生的相关STEM能力及态度,对于学生STEM综合素养的培养能够起到一定的积极作用。
[Abstract]:STEM is the acronym of scientific (Science), technology, (Technology), engineering (Engineering) and mathematical (Mathematics). As a new educational form of interdisciplinary integration, STEM education embodies the ideas of emphasizing ability development and practical application under the background of new curriculum reform, aiming at exploring, project-based, experiential, and so on. In order to stimulate students' interest in science and technology, to train and promote students' comprehensive accomplishment of STEM, and finally to promote innovation in our country, problem-oriented learning methods can solve the problems of STEM subjects or practical problems, so as to stimulate students' interest in science and technology. STEM literacy refers to the comprehensive expression of students' knowledge, thinking, ability and attitude when dealing with STEM problems, which is the basic training goal of STEM education. Is also the 21 st century student should have a key ability. In the implementation of STEM teaching, the design of learning activities should fully reflect the characteristics of STEM education, allow students to explore and produce independently in the resource-rich learning environment, so as to develop the students' comprehensive quality of STEM to the maximum extent. According to the existing research, there is not yet a relatively perfect, authoritative STEM educational application model. In this study, a design-based approach is adopted. First of all, through a large number of relevant literature research, domestic and foreign STEM education research status and STEM teaching model research status is combed and summarized. Secondly, on the basis of deeply analyzing the concept and constitution of STEM literacy, according to the characteristics of STEM education, the frame of STEM literacy is analyzed and put forward. Then, based on the above research, from the perspective of cultivating students' STEM literacy, the author designs and constructs a general model of STEM education applied to classroom teaching. Finally, taking a specific course as an example, the STEM teaching model is modified by iterative experiment, and its feasibility is verified. According to the data of students' works, questionnaires, interviews between teachers and students' classroom performance, the STEM teaching model can better train and develop the students' related STEM abilities and attitudes. It can play a positive role in the cultivation of students' STEM comprehensive literacy.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.98

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