初中物理教学生活化的实践与研究
发布时间：2018-11-17 12:13
【摘要】：自2001年7月起,教育部发布了《全日制义务教育物理课程标准(实验稿)》和《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》,经历新课改的10年摸索,在对2001年的实验稿修改与完善的基础上,在2011年教育部重新出版了《义务教育物理课程标准(2011年版)》。《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》中其中明确指出,要改变过于重视书本而脱离生活实际的情况,要改变编写的内容复杂,难懂的状况,要扭转课堂实施过程只让学生死记硬背而不求甚解的情况,要使课程内容贴近学生的日常生活,让学生关注学科与科技,生产和环境资源的关系,鼓励学生积极参与各种综合实践活动。再者,在《义务教育物理课程标准(2011年版)》就明确地强调了“从生活走向物理,从物理走向社会”的观点。因此,通过老师将初中物理教学生活化,让学生对物理学习不再感到束手无策,不仅使得学生在解决生活实际问题的过程当中会运用到物理思维,还使学生掌握了能够终身学习的物理方法。初中物理教学生活化就是在牢牢把握初中阶段学生特点的基础上,将物理课堂教学置于生活化情境之中,让学生在熟悉的生活环境中激发其学习物理的兴趣并获得物理知识,让物理从生活中来又回到生活中去。笔者在绍兴马鞍镇中学实习半年,将八年级学情相似的两个班级做了一个学期的对比教学,将八年级8班作为对照组进行常规教学,主要以教师讲授和传统习题训练为主,将八年级10班作为实验组进行初中物理教学生活化教学,在学期初和学期末分别进行调查问卷的前测和后测并获得相应数据进行分析。由于浙江教育出版社出版的八年级上册科学书,物理部分是第一章第3节水的浮力和第四章电路探秘。笔者主要以阿基米德原理为例进行教案设计和课堂实录,也对欧姆定律进行了教案设计,总结了初中物理教学生活化的一般流程。本篇论文的创新之处就是将初中物理教学生活化的方法与探究活动相结合去展开教学,这种新的教学方法不仅使任课教师的教育观念发生了改变,也激起了学生学习物理的兴趣和热情,增强了学生的创新和动手实践能力,提高了物理成绩。希望笔者对研究初中物理教学生活化的一线教师和研究者有所帮助,也使学生各方面的能力得到培养,科学素养大大提高。
[Abstract]:Since July 2001, the Ministry of Education has issued the "Physics Curriculum Standard for Full-time compulsory Education (Experimental draft)" and the "basic Education Curriculum Reform outline (for trial implementation)", which have experienced 10 years of new curriculum reform. On the basis of revising and perfecting the experimental draft of 2001, the Ministry of Education republished the Standard of Physics Curriculum for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) in 2011. It is necessary to change the situation in which too much attention is paid to books and the reality of life, to change the complicated and difficult situation in which the contents are written, and to reverse the situation in which the classroom implementation process only allows students to memorize by rote and not to understand. It is necessary to make the curriculum content close to the daily life of students, to let students pay attention to the relationship between subject and science, technology, production and environmental resources, and to encourage students to actively participate in various comprehensive practical activities. Furthermore, in the Physics Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 edition), the viewpoint of "from life to physics, from physics to society" is clearly emphasized. Therefore, through the teacher will junior high school physics teaching life, lets the student no longer feel helpless to the physics study, not only causes the student to use the physics thought in the process of solving the actual problem of life. It also enables students to master the physical methods of lifelong learning. On the basis of firmly grasping the characteristics of students in junior middle school, physics teaching in junior high school is put into the situation of life, and students can arouse their interest in learning physics and acquire physics knowledge in the familiar living environment. Let physics come back from life. The author interned in Ma'anzhen Middle School in Shaoxing for half a year. The two classes with similar learning conditions in grade eight were taught in contrast for one semester, and class 8 in grade 8 was used as the control group for routine teaching, which mainly consisted of teaching by teachers and training of traditional exercises. Taking Class 10 of Grade 8 as the experimental group, the physical teaching of junior high school was carried out. The pre-test and post-test of the questionnaire were carried out at the beginning of the semester and the end of the semester, and the corresponding data were obtained for analysis. Due to the first edition of the eighth grade science book published by Zhejiang Education Publishing House, the physics part is the buoyancy of the first chapter, the third water saving force, and the fourth chapter, the circuit exploration. The author mainly takes Archimedes principle as an example to design the teaching plan and the classroom record, also carries on the teaching plan design to the Ohm law, summarizes the general flow of the physics teaching in junior high school. The innovation of this paper is to combine the methods of life and inquiry in physics teaching in junior high school to carry out teaching. This new teaching method not only changes the educational concept of teachers, It also arouses students' interest and enthusiasm in learning physics, enhances students' ability of innovation and hands-on practice, and improves their achievements in physics. It is hoped that the author can help the teachers and researchers who study the life of physics teaching in junior high school, and make the students' ability in all aspects be cultivated, and their scientific literacy be greatly improved.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
本文编号：2337746
[Abstract]:Since July 2001, the Ministry of Education has issued the "Physics Curriculum Standard for Full-time compulsory Education (Experimental draft)" and the "basic Education Curriculum Reform outline (for trial implementation)", which have experienced 10 years of new curriculum reform. On the basis of revising and perfecting the experimental draft of 2001, the Ministry of Education republished the Standard of Physics Curriculum for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) in 2011. It is necessary to change the situation in which too much attention is paid to books and the reality of life, to change the complicated and difficult situation in which the contents are written, and to reverse the situation in which the classroom implementation process only allows students to memorize by rote and not to understand. It is necessary to make the curriculum content close to the daily life of students, to let students pay attention to the relationship between subject and science, technology, production and environmental resources, and to encourage students to actively participate in various comprehensive practical activities. Furthermore, in the Physics Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 edition), the viewpoint of "from life to physics, from physics to society" is clearly emphasized. Therefore, through the teacher will junior high school physics teaching life, lets the student no longer feel helpless to the physics study, not only causes the student to use the physics thought in the process of solving the actual problem of life. It also enables students to master the physical methods of lifelong learning. On the basis of firmly grasping the characteristics of students in junior middle school, physics teaching in junior high school is put into the situation of life, and students can arouse their interest in learning physics and acquire physics knowledge in the familiar living environment. Let physics come back from life. The author interned in Ma'anzhen Middle School in Shaoxing for half a year. The two classes with similar learning conditions in grade eight were taught in contrast for one semester, and class 8 in grade 8 was used as the control group for routine teaching, which mainly consisted of teaching by teachers and training of traditional exercises. Taking Class 10 of Grade 8 as the experimental group, the physical teaching of junior high school was carried out. The pre-test and post-test of the questionnaire were carried out at the beginning of the semester and the end of the semester, and the corresponding data were obtained for analysis. Due to the first edition of the eighth grade science book published by Zhejiang Education Publishing House, the physics part is the buoyancy of the first chapter, the third water saving force, and the fourth chapter, the circuit exploration. The author mainly takes Archimedes principle as an example to design the teaching plan and the classroom record, also carries on the teaching plan design to the Ohm law, summarizes the general flow of the physics teaching in junior high school. The innovation of this paper is to combine the methods of life and inquiry in physics teaching in junior high school to carry out teaching. This new teaching method not only changes the educational concept of teachers, It also arouses students' interest and enthusiasm in learning physics, enhances students' ability of innovation and hands-on practice, and improves their achievements in physics. It is hoped that the author can help the teachers and researchers who study the life of physics teaching in junior high school, and make the students' ability in all aspects be cultivated, and their scientific literacy be greatly improved.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
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