从学生体质下降审视义务教育阶段学校体育目标定位及实施路径

发布时间：2019-01-26 09:51

【摘要】：目前,我国学生体质呈下降状态,虽然近几年下降趋势趋于平缓甚至略有回升,但是整体仍处于不良状态。学生是国家未来的希望,改善学生体质问题刻不容缓。学校体育是改善学生体质的主要方式,而学校体育目标是学校体育各项工作的出发点,也是评价学校体育工作质量的准绳,我们不得不对目前学校体育的教育现状存在质疑。本文通过了解学校体育目标相关理论,采用文献资料、座谈访问、问卷调查等方法,对目前学生体质下降背景下学校体育目标进行分析,发现目前我国学生体质状况改善程度较小,仍然令人担忧,同时从家庭、社会、学校三个方面分析了影响学生体质状况的原因,重点突出学校体育的影响并引出学校体育目标的不完善,然后对现行学校体育目标进行介绍,使之对当前学生体质和学校体育目标情况有个初步的了解。针对烟台市义务教育阶段学校体育目标的现状进行深入调查,结果表明:在客观现状方面,大部分学校遵循的是国家统一制定的目标,教师对该学校使用的学校体育目标在内容理解上表示一般,基本能理解,大部分教师认为其内容在衔接上比较合理,但有相当一部分教师认为不合理;学校对于体育锻炼比较重视但相较与文化课其重视程度明显不足;体育课开课情况在开课数量上比较丰富,但学校依旧普遍存在体育课被挤占现象;场地器材基本完备,基本能满足体育课以及其他体育活动的需求但是存在不足缺乏现象,场地器材的规格较适合学生,但质量存在陈旧老化现象较多。在体育与健康课程目标方面,中小学生对于体育课的态度还是呈喜欢态度的,只是随着年龄的增长喜欢比例逐渐降低;绝大部分教师认为通过体育课可以提高学生的体能;体育课上学生基本能够掌握所学技能;学校体育考核方式主要以期末考试为主。学校课外体育活动开展方面,学校内的课外体育活动的开展情况比较丰富;大部分教师认为所在学校比较倡导校外体育活动,但学生实际活动情况却不理想。通过调查发现烟台市义务教育阶段学校体育目标存在问题与影响因素有理论概念模糊、学校重视程度不够、目标与教学出现偏差、物质条件不充足、师资力量缺乏、评价方式单一、课外体育活动不足等。为增强学生体质,对义务教育阶段学校体育目标提出新的定位,要求理论表述规范、突出重点、与实际相结合。在此基础上,提出优化烟台市义务教育阶段学校体育新目标的实现途径,建议提高重视程度、增强师资队伍、因地制宜、多元化评价、增加课外体育活动。本文旨在丰富学校体育目标的理论研究,为烟台市义务教育阶段学校体育目标的定位和实施提供参考借鉴。
[Abstract]:At present, the physique of students in our country is in a state of decline, although the downward trend tends to be gentle or even a little rise in recent years, but the whole is still in a bad state. Students are the hope of the future of our country. It is urgent to improve the students'physique. School physical education is the main way to improve students' physique, and the goal of school physical education is the starting point of school physical education and the criterion of evaluating the quality of school sports work. We have to question the present situation of school physical education. In this paper, through understanding the relevant theories of school physical education goals, using the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire and so on, this paper analyzes the school physical education goals under the background of students' physique decline. It is found that the degree of improvement of students' physique in our country is small, which is still worrisome. At the same time, the causes of affecting students' physical condition are analyzed from three aspects: family, society and school. This paper emphasizes the influence of school physical education and leads to the imperfection of school physical education goal, then introduces the present school physical education goal, so as to make it have a preliminary understanding of the current students' physique and the school physical education goal. An in-depth investigation was carried out on the present situation of school physical education objectives in the compulsory education stage in Yantai. The results show that, in terms of the objective situation, most of the schools follow the goals formulated by the state in a unified manner. Most teachers think that the content of the school physical education goals used in this school is reasonable in cohesion, but a considerable number of teachers think that it is unreasonable. Schools pay more attention to physical exercise, but compared with cultural classes, the degree of attention is obviously insufficient; the opening of physical education in the number of classes is relatively rich, but there is still a general school physical education class is crowded phenomenon; The site equipment is basically complete and can basically meet the needs of physical education and other sports activities, but there are insufficient and lacking phenomena. The specifications of the site equipment are more suitable for the students, but the quality has a lot of obsolete and aging phenomenon. In the aspect of physical education and health curriculum goal, primary and middle school students' attitude towards physical education is still like attitude, but with the increase of age, the proportion of students' liking decreases gradually, most teachers think that the physical ability of students can be improved through physical education. Physical education students can master the basic skills, school physical examination mainly to the final examination. In the development of extracurricular sports activities in schools, the development of extracurricular sports activities in schools is relatively rich; most teachers think that their schools advocate sports activities outside school, but the actual activities of students are not ideal. Through the investigation, it is found that there are some problems and influencing factors in Yantai compulsory education stage, such as fuzzy theory and concept, insufficient attention to school, deviation between goal and teaching, insufficient material conditions and lack of teachers. The evaluation method is single, the extracurricular sports activity is insufficient and so on. In order to strengthen students' physique, this paper puts forward a new orientation to the goal of school physical education in the stage of compulsory education, which requires the theoretical expression to be standardized, the emphases to be emphasized, and the practice to be combined. On this basis, the paper puts forward the ways to optimize the new goal of school physical education in the compulsory education stage of Yantai city, and suggests to improve the degree of attention, strengthen the teaching staff, take measures according to local conditions, diversify evaluation, and increase extracurricular sports activities. The purpose of this paper is to enrich the theoretical study of school physical education objectives, and to provide reference for the orientation and implementation of school sports objectives in the compulsory education stage of Yantai City.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.96

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