高中地理教学中基于视觉心理的地图运用研究
发布时间：2019-03-09 15:14
【摘要】：地图在地理教学中有着举足轻重的地位,学生获取地图信息的主要途径是通过视觉感知,从而在脑中形成表象,并进一步产生情感、记忆、思考等心理活动,因此本文着重研究基于学生视觉心理的高中地图运用。通过阅读文献,首先对国内外关于视觉心理在地图运用中的研究进行了概括与介绍,国外关于视觉心理在地图运用中的研究现状主要表现在三个方面:(1)重视视觉对不同信息呈现的方式与载体的感知;(2)注重基于学生视觉心理的地图能力的培养;(3)重视学生视觉心理与心理地图构建的联系。国内关于视觉心理在地图运用中的研究现状则表现为:(1)从视觉感知出发研究地图在地理教学中的作用和功能;(2)注重研究电子地图对学生视觉的冲击及其在教学中的应用;(3)从认知角度来研究地图的设计以及对学生的影响。由此可见,国内外对视觉心理在地图运用中的作用非常重视,而我国则主要从认知角度研究地图的设计,很少从视觉心理的角度分析地图在教与学中的应用及研究如何更好地利用学生的视觉心理探索地图运用的方法或提高地图运用的效率与质量。本文还对视觉心理和地图的概念进行了界定,认为地图运用中的视觉心理是指人通过视觉接触地图中的图像信息,经由大脑分析整理,能够将地表事物(例如图形、色彩等)描述清楚,并能做出一定的心理反应行为。而地图是指根据一定的数学法则,将地球或星球的自然现象和社会现象通过概括和符号缩绘在平面上的图形,地图运用则主要指对地图的处理、呈现和解释。其次,阐释了地图运用中的视觉心理作用机制,学生通过视觉获取信息的普遍习惯是从左到右,从上到下和顺时针方向运动,视区内上部比下部注目程度高,左侧比右侧更引人注意,同时,视觉器官——眼睛获取地图信息后先在脑中形成表象,即对所看地图的复制,之后通过知觉进一步形成意象,即产生了情感体验、记忆、思考等心理活动,从而对所复制的地图产生了联想、想象,使其在脑中留下的表象发生了一定程度的变化。之后,对地图运用的相关理论也进行了分析,主要阐释了地图空间认知论和“视觉-空间”智能发展理论,还对视觉心理与地图运用的关系进行了分析与归纳,认为(1)视觉心理的理论丰富了地图处理的依据;(2)视觉心理的运用强化了地图信息的传达。还分析了影响地图运用的视觉心理因素,包括形式因素,如点、线、面、色彩以及动态因素等。然后通过问卷的形式对高中教师、学生用图喜好、习惯、面临的困惑等进行了解,并分析高中地图运用中存在的一些问题,(1)地理教学中教师地图运用的不足有:(1)缺少合适的地图,修图能力较弱;(2)地图摆放讲究少,指图不够规范;(3)引导学生完善心理地图的意识薄弱;(2)地理学习中学生地图运用的不足有:(1)地图学习兴趣不够浓烈;(2)读图、用图技能欠缺;(3)重现地图的能力较弱。最后,结合这些问题,由视觉心理的原理和地图教学理论的指导,本文提出了一些基于视觉心理的高中地图运用的策略建议:(1)增强地图处理的合理性与科学性,加强地图内容的视觉刺激;(2)注意地图呈现的规范性和多样性,关注地图呈现的视觉拉力;(3)加强地图解释的引导性和侧重点,促进地图信息的维度转化。以教导学,从学生的视觉心理出发,增加课堂地图运用的视觉吸引力,增加学生对地图运用和学习的兴趣。
[Abstract]:The map plays a very important role in the geography teaching, the main way of the students to get the map information is through the visual perception, so as to form the appearance in the brain, and further generate the psychological activities such as emotion, memory, thinking and so on, Therefore, this paper focuses on the application of high school map based on the students' visual psychology. Through the reading of the literature, firstly, the research of the visual psychology in the application of the map is summarized and introduced, and the research status of the foreign language on the application of the visual psychology in the map is mainly presented in three aspects: (1) the perception of the way of the visual on the presentation of different information and the carrier; (2) Pay attention to the training of the map ability based on the students' visual psychology; (3) pay attention to the connection between the students' visual psychology and the psychological map construction. The present research status of visual psychology in the application of map is: (1) to study the function and function of the map in the geography teaching from the visual perception; (2) to pay attention to the impact of the electronic map on the students' vision and its application in the teaching; (3) To study the design of the map and the influence to the students from the cognitive perspective. Therefore, the role of the visual psychology in the application of the map is very important at home and abroad, and our country mainly studies the design of the map from the cognitive perspective. It is very rare to analyze the application of the map in teaching and learning from the point of view of the visual psychology and how to use the students' visual psychology to explore the method of using the map or to improve the efficiency and quality of the map application. The concept of visual psychology and map is also defined, and it is considered that the visual psychology in the application of the map refers to the visual contact of the image information in the map, and through the analysis and arrangement of the brain, it is possible to describe the surface things (such as graphics, colors, etc.). And a certain psychological reaction behavior can be made. The map is a graph of the natural phenomena and social phenomena of the earth or the planet in the plane according to a certain mathematical law, and the application of the map mainly refers to the processing, presentation and interpretation of the map. Secondly, the mechanism of visual psychological function in the application of the map is explained. The general habit of the students to obtain the information through the visual information is from left to right, from top to bottom and in the clockwise direction, and the upper part of the visual area is higher than that of the lower part, and the left side is more noticeable than the right side, and at the same time, After the visual organ _ eye acquires the map information, the image is first formed in the brain, that is, the copy of the map is viewed, and then the image is further formed through the perception, so that the mental activity such as the emotional experience, the memory, the thinking and the like is generated, and the association and the imagination are generated on the copied map, A degree of change has taken place in the image left behind in the brain. Then, the relevant theories of the application of the map are also analyzed, the cognitive theory of the map space and the theory of the intelligent development of the "visual-space" are mainly explained, and the relation between the visual psychology and the map application is analyzed and summarized, and the theory of the visual psychology is considered to enrich the basis of the map processing; (2) The use of visual psychology has strengthened the transmission of map information. The visual psychological factors that affect the application of the map are also analyzed, including the form factor, such as point, line, face, color and dynamic factors. Then, through the form of the questionnaire to the high school teachers, the students have the understanding of using the preference, the habit, the face of the confusion and so on, and analyze some problems in the application of the high school map, (1) the lack of the application of the teacher's map in the geography teaching is: (1) the lack of a suitable map, (2) It is not enough to guide the students to improve the mental map; (2) The shortage of the map of the students in the geography study is: (1) The learning interest of the map is not strong enough; (3) The ability to reproduce the map is weak. Finally, in combination with these problems, from the principle of visual psychology and the guidance of the theory of map teaching, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the application of the high school map based on the visual psychology: (1) the rationality and the scientific nature of the map processing are enhanced, and the visual stimulation of the content of the map is strengthened; (2) Pay attention to the standardization and diversity of the map presentation, pay attention to the visual tension of the map presentation, (3) strengthen the guidance and focus of the map interpretation, and promote the dimension transformation of the map information. On the basis of the teaching, from the students' visual psychology, the visual appeal of the application of the class map is increased, and the students' interest in the application and study of the map is increased.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.55
本文编号：2437587
[Abstract]:The map plays a very important role in the geography teaching, the main way of the students to get the map information is through the visual perception, so as to form the appearance in the brain, and further generate the psychological activities such as emotion, memory, thinking and so on, Therefore, this paper focuses on the application of high school map based on the students' visual psychology. Through the reading of the literature, firstly, the research of the visual psychology in the application of the map is summarized and introduced, and the research status of the foreign language on the application of the visual psychology in the map is mainly presented in three aspects: (1) the perception of the way of the visual on the presentation of different information and the carrier; (2) Pay attention to the training of the map ability based on the students' visual psychology; (3) pay attention to the connection between the students' visual psychology and the psychological map construction. The present research status of visual psychology in the application of map is: (1) to study the function and function of the map in the geography teaching from the visual perception; (2) to pay attention to the impact of the electronic map on the students' vision and its application in the teaching; (3) To study the design of the map and the influence to the students from the cognitive perspective. Therefore, the role of the visual psychology in the application of the map is very important at home and abroad, and our country mainly studies the design of the map from the cognitive perspective. It is very rare to analyze the application of the map in teaching and learning from the point of view of the visual psychology and how to use the students' visual psychology to explore the method of using the map or to improve the efficiency and quality of the map application. The concept of visual psychology and map is also defined, and it is considered that the visual psychology in the application of the map refers to the visual contact of the image information in the map, and through the analysis and arrangement of the brain, it is possible to describe the surface things (such as graphics, colors, etc.). And a certain psychological reaction behavior can be made. The map is a graph of the natural phenomena and social phenomena of the earth or the planet in the plane according to a certain mathematical law, and the application of the map mainly refers to the processing, presentation and interpretation of the map. Secondly, the mechanism of visual psychological function in the application of the map is explained. The general habit of the students to obtain the information through the visual information is from left to right, from top to bottom and in the clockwise direction, and the upper part of the visual area is higher than that of the lower part, and the left side is more noticeable than the right side, and at the same time, After the visual organ _ eye acquires the map information, the image is first formed in the brain, that is, the copy of the map is viewed, and then the image is further formed through the perception, so that the mental activity such as the emotional experience, the memory, the thinking and the like is generated, and the association and the imagination are generated on the copied map, A degree of change has taken place in the image left behind in the brain. Then, the relevant theories of the application of the map are also analyzed, the cognitive theory of the map space and the theory of the intelligent development of the "visual-space" are mainly explained, and the relation between the visual psychology and the map application is analyzed and summarized, and the theory of the visual psychology is considered to enrich the basis of the map processing; (2) The use of visual psychology has strengthened the transmission of map information. The visual psychological factors that affect the application of the map are also analyzed, including the form factor, such as point, line, face, color and dynamic factors. Then, through the form of the questionnaire to the high school teachers, the students have the understanding of using the preference, the habit, the face of the confusion and so on, and analyze some problems in the application of the high school map, (1) the lack of the application of the teacher's map in the geography teaching is: (1) the lack of a suitable map, (2) It is not enough to guide the students to improve the mental map; (2) The shortage of the map of the students in the geography study is: (1) The learning interest of the map is not strong enough; (3) The ability to reproduce the map is weak. Finally, in combination with these problems, from the principle of visual psychology and the guidance of the theory of map teaching, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the application of the high school map based on the visual psychology: (1) the rationality and the scientific nature of the map processing are enhanced, and the visual stimulation of the content of the map is strengthened; (2) Pay attention to the standardization and diversity of the map presentation, pay attention to the visual tension of the map presentation, (3) strengthen the guidance and focus of the map interpretation, and promote the dimension transformation of the map information. On the basis of the teaching, from the students' visual psychology, the visual appeal of the application of the class map is increased, and the students' interest in the application and study of the map is increased.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.55
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