城市地震灾害应急救援资源配置规划研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 07:25

本文关键词：城市地震灾害应急救援资源配置规划研究　出处：《天津大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：通过唐山、日本等地震灾害的实证研究,揭示应急救援资源配置的基本规律,提出应急救援要素系统、复合灾害、合理配置、“三救”及其接续性等基本概念。探讨了地震灾害应急救援资源的类别、数量的定量计算方法,物力资源的储备方式与配置规划,特别是针对应急救灾资源流瓶颈及其产生原因与消除对策,灾害弱者与其救援资源配置规划进行深入研究。基于应急救援的实践经验与教训,创建了救援资源需求与满足需求模型、信息—灾情—决策模型、合理配置模型以及综合模型等配置模型。这些模型具有指挥功能、供需平衡与合理配置功能、重灾区定位与指向功能、决策依据功能等,从理性认识的高度指导制定城市配置规划。在此基础上,提出应急救援资源仓储、企业商业部门与家庭储备、城市群城市间协作储备等多种有效配置途径,有助于改变我国只有仓储的单一储备方式。通过研究应急救援人力资源的救援功能、在灾区的部署,并以唐山地震为基准,创立支援灾区部队、医务人员人数及救援物资需求等定量计算方法,所需参数灾前已有或灾后短期可获得,计算过程简捷,可操作性强,满足应急决策要求。城市不仅应储备应急救援资源,还必须保障灾后运输畅流,形成有“源”,有“流”且多“源”,畅“流”的储、运、用完整形象,有效提高应急救援的时效性。制定城市配置规划必须特别关注灾害弱者,研究他们的主要特征、灾害应激反应,提出相应的救援措施。基于上述研究,结合唐山市城市地震灾害应急救援资源配置规划实证研究,提出城市地震灾害应急救援资源配置规划要点,该要点为抗震设防区域的城市制定配置规划奠定基础,指明路向。其中应急救援要素系统、配置模型、支援灾区人员数量的定量计算方法等是应急救援资源领域创新性的研究成果。
[Abstract]:Through the empirical study of earthquake disasters such as Tangshan and Japan, this paper reveals the basic law of the allocation of emergency rescue resources, and puts forward the system of emergency rescue elements, composite disasters and rational allocation. The basic concepts of "three rescues" and their continuity are discussed in this paper. The types of emergency rescue resources for earthquake disasters, the quantitative calculation method of the quantity, the reserve mode and the allocation planning of the material resources are discussed. Especially, aiming at the bottleneck of emergency relief resource flow and its causes and elimination countermeasures, the weak of disaster and their rescue resource allocation planning are studied in depth. Based on the practical experience and lessons of emergency rescue. The models of resource demand and satisfaction, information disaster decision model, reasonable allocation model and comprehensive model are established. These models have command function, supply and demand balance and reasonable allocation function. The location and direction function of the disaster area, the decision basis function and so on, from the perspective of rational understanding, guide the formulation of urban configuration planning. On this basis, the emergency rescue resources storage, business sector and household reserves of enterprises are put forward. Various effective allocation ways such as cooperative reserve among cities in urban agglomeration can help to change the single storage mode of storage in China. Through the research of rescue function of emergency rescue human resources deployment in disaster areas. Based on the Tangshan earthquake, a quantitative calculation method was established to support the troops in the disaster area, the number of medical personnel and the demand for relief materials. The required parameters are available before or after the disaster, and the calculation process is simple and easy to operate. To meet the requirements of emergency decision-making, cities should not only reserve emergency rescue resources, but also ensure the smooth flow of transportation after the disaster, forming a "source", "flow" and more "sources", "flow", "flow" storage, transportation, and use of a complete image. It is necessary to pay special attention to the weak of the disaster, study their main characteristics, respond to the disaster stress, and put forward the corresponding rescue measures based on the above research. Based on the empirical study of urban earthquake disaster emergency rescue resource allocation planning in Tangshan City, the main points of urban earthquake disaster emergency rescue resource allocation planning are put forward. The key points lay the foundation for urban configuration planning in seismic fortification area, and point out the direction. Among them, emergency rescue element system, configuration model. The quantitative calculation method of supporting the number of people in the disaster area is an innovative research result in the field of emergency rescue resources.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P315.9

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