我国延迟退休政策的影响及应对机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:35

本文选题：延迟退休　切入点：人口结构　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人力资源和社会保障部提出今年将适时的推出延迟退休政策,意味着延迟退休从最热的民生话题开始走向落地实施阶段。我国现在的退休制度基本沿用20世纪50年代的规定,即女工人50岁退休,女干部55岁退休,男性60岁退休。历经六十多年,中国已经发生了翻天覆地的变化,延迟退休年龄有深厚的国际背景和国内背景。从国际上来看,中国并非是唯一面临退休压力的国家,已经有很多国家,意识到现行退休制度的不足,开始计划并实施了延迟退休政策。从国内来看,在经济方面,我国老龄化问题越来越严重,劳动力结束了无限供给的年代,在可见的未来,养老金体制面临着极大的压力;在政治方面,延迟退休年龄政策是实现我国退休制度与国情相适应的重要举措,是我国全面深化改革的一个重要内容;在社会方面,我国高等教育的发展带来了劳动人口教育年限的延长,延迟退休是充分利用人力资源的必然途径;在文化方面,随着社会经济的发展和观念的转变,使得老年人不仅需要必要的物质生活和身体上的照顾,更需要得到精神方面的满足,延迟退休年龄政策能够满足这种需要。通过比较分析近五年我国学术界的成果,大多数都在研究是否要延迟退休,而本文是在确定将来会延迟退休的基础上,通过文献研究法、定量研究法、定性研究法、跨学科研究法,利用自我实现理论、个体生命周期理论、生命周期消费理论、路径依赖理论等,从经济学、社会学、心理学领域详细的讨论了实施延迟退休政策可能带来的影响以及相关政策建议。本文首先研究了延迟退休的必然性。一是我国人口发生巨大变化,平均寿命延长、人口倒金字塔结构出现、人口年龄结构变化;二是我国教育不断发展,平均受教育年限增长、教育结构不断完善;三是我国养老压力增大;四是我国生育政策发生变化。种种变化都需要我国延迟退休年龄,从而解决新问题,适应新环境。然后,辩证的研究分析了延迟退休可能带来的对经济生活的影响、对社会的影响和对劳动者心理的影响。最后,本着充分发挥积极效应,尽量降低消极效应的宗旨,提出了较为合理的政策建议。第一是在严格实施当前退休制度的基础上,遵循渐进性原则、灵活性与强制性相结合原则、平等性原则、差异性原则和激励性原则,选择和确定合适的退休年龄和推行时间,设计最合适的延迟退休方案,实现科学延迟退休;第二是引导社会舆论,提高延迟退休的社会认可度;第三是建立和完善与退休制度相关的政策安排,实现延迟退休政策的系统性、整体性、协同性。
[Abstract]:The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has proposed that the delayed retirement policy will be introduced in due course this year, which means that the delay in retirement will begin to move from the hottest topic of people's livelihood to the implementation stage. The current retirement system in our country basically follows the provisions of 1950s. That is, women workers retire at the age of 50, female cadres retire at the age of 55, and men retire at the age of 60. After more than 60 years, China has undergone earth-shaking changes. The delay of retirement age has a profound international and domestic background. From an international perspective, China is not the only country facing retirement pressure. Many countries, aware of the inadequacy of the existing retirement system, have begun to plan and implement deferred retirement policies. The aging problem in our country is getting more and more serious. The labor force has ended in the era of unlimited supply. In the foreseeable future, the pension system is facing great pressure; in the political aspect, The policy of delaying retirement age is an important measure to adapt our retirement system to our national conditions and an important part of our country's comprehensive deepening reform. In the social aspect, the development of higher education in our country has brought about the extension of the years of education of the working population. Delayed retirement is an inevitable way to make full use of human resources; in the cultural context, with the development of society and economy and the change of attitudes, older persons need not only the necessary material life and physical care, There is even more need for spiritual satisfaction, which can be met by the policy of delaying retirement age. Through a comparative analysis of the achievements of our academic community in the past five years, most of them are studying whether to delay retirement. On the basis of confirming that retirement will be delayed in the future, this paper uses literature research, quantitative research, qualitative research, interdisciplinary research, self-realization theory, individual life cycle theory, life cycle consumption theory. Path dependence theory, etc., from economics, sociology, In the field of psychology, the possible impact of implementing the delayed retirement policy and the related policy suggestions are discussed in detail. Firstly, the inevitability of delayed retirement is studied in this paper. One is that the population of our country has changed greatly and the average life expectancy has been prolonged. The population pyramid structure appears, the population age structure changes, the second is our country education unceasingly develops, the average education years increases, the education structure unceasingly consummates, the third is our country old age pressure increases; Fourth, China's fertility policy has changed. All kinds of changes need to delay the retirement age in China, so as to solve the new problems and adapt to the new environment. Then, the dialectical research analyzes the possible impact on economic life caused by the delay in retirement. Finally, in line with the purpose of giving full play to positive effects and minimizing negative effects, some more reasonable policy recommendations are put forward. First, on the basis of strictly implementing the current retirement system, Follow the principle of gradualism, combination of flexibility and compulsion, equality principle, difference principle and incentive principle, select and determine the appropriate retirement age and implementation time, design the most suitable deferred retirement plan, The second is to guide public opinion to improve the social recognition of delayed retirement; the third is to establish and improve the policy arrangements related to the retirement system to achieve the systematic, holistic and synergistic nature of the delayed retirement policy.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F842.67

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