“两免一补”:背景、历程与影响

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:08

本文选题：两免一补　切入点：政府　出处：《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015年02期

【摘要】："两免一补"自2001年出台以来,经历了三个阶段:试点阶段、全面推广阶段和完善阶段。它既体现了社会主义教育公平的政治诉求和经济发展的要求,也是教育自身发展的结果。"两免一补"政策加快了农村免费义务教育的普及步伐,对降低中西部贫困程度、丰富人力资源、加快中西部地区的经济发展、实现经济社会的可持续发展有着深远的意义。从教育人类学的角度看,它深深地影响了学生、家长和教师。15年来,它发挥了强大影响力与作用力,因而它是一项成功的政策。有三点经验值得我们注意:第一,从路径上看,它走的是农村贫困县-农村-城市的路径,覆盖面依次扩大;从资助内容、资助标准上看,也是依次拓展,不断提高,这不仅保证了资助行动的有序进行,也保证了资金的切实有效,因而是最经济的。第二,这一政策的设计是自上而下的,中央各有关部门、地方各级人民政府、广大教育工作者密切配合,协同作战,谱写了一曲中国教育跨越式发展的华丽篇章。它既反映出21世纪初期中国农村教育发展的亮点与特色,也由此开拓出中国教育发展的"中国式"道路。对此,我们应感到制度自信。第三,政策设计抓住了"人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题",锲而不舍向前走,这对我们制定政策具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:Since the introduction of "two exemptions and one supplement" in 2001, it has gone through three stages: pilot stage, comprehensive promotion stage and perfect stage. It is also the result of the development of education itself. The policy of "two exemptions and one supplement" has accelerated the pace of popularization of free compulsory education in rural areas, which has contributed to reducing poverty in the central and western regions, enriching human resources, and speeding up the economic development of the central and western regions. The realization of sustainable economic and social development has far-reaching significance. From the perspective of educational anthropology, it has deeply affected students, parents and teachers. Over the past 15 years, it has exerted great influence and force. Therefore, it is a successful policy. There are three experiences that deserve our attention: first, from the perspective of the path, it follows the path of rural poor county-rural-urban, with its coverage expanding in turn; and from the point of view of the content of financial assistance and the funding criteria, This has not only ensured the orderly conduct of the funding operations, but also ensured that the funds are effective and effective, thus being the most economical. Second, the design of this policy is top-down, and the relevant departments of the Central Committee are concerned. The local people's governments at all levels and the vast number of educators have worked closely together to write a magnificent chapter on the leapfrog development of education in China. It reflects the bright spots and characteristics of the development of rural education in China in the early 21st century. In this way, we should feel confident in the system. Third, the policy design has grasped "the most direct and realistic interests of the people," and persevered in moving forward. This is instructive for us to make policies.
【作者单位】：广西壮族自治区学生资助管理办公室;
【基金】：义务教育阶段学生资助政策专项课题
【分类号】：G521

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