空间相机主控系统的控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 21:32

本文选题：遥感相机 + 主控系统　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着现代科学技术的飞速发展,对空间相机遥感成像质量提出了更高的要求。为了满足高分辨率、宽视场的需求,使得相机焦距越来越长、体积越来越大、CCD数量越来越多、信息量越来越大,对于相机主控系统来说,其数据处理与控制工作也越来越复杂。由于我国大部分空间相机分辨率较低,主控系统的控制方法简单,其工作方式通常都是由地面控制中心对卫星下传的遥测数据进行人工判读,根据判读结果检查相机状态的正确性,然后再经过地面控制中心发送遥控指令,控制相机的成像工作,进而耗费较多的人力资源。随着高分辨率、宽视场相机的发展与需求,数据信息量加大,控制愈加复杂,传统的人工判读方法存在误判、漏判的风险。同时,如果相机在轨工作期间出现故障,不能及时有效的处理,相机只能带病生存,给设备带来局部乃至整体毁坏的隐患。因此有必要开展空间相机主控系统的控制策略研究,即在主控系统完成以往正常工作的基础上,同时能够具有自主处理功能,提高系统可靠性。本文调研了国内、外空间相机的技术发展,以及自动控制技术在空间相机控制领域中的应用现状,结合在研某型号高分辨率离轴详查相机项目,根据空间相机控制系统的工作特性,开展了控制策略相关技术研究。论文主要内容如下:分析了空间相机控制系统的主要功能和星上工作时的主要任务,设计了控制系统与子系统以及卫星的数据传输协议格式,为确保空间相机主控系统的控制策略实现奠定了基础。针对空间相机数据信息量不断增多,为满足在轨工作实时性要求,提出了基于离散型Hopfield神经网络的遥测数据处理方法并对其进行算法改进。利用离散型Hopfield神经网络的联想记忆能力,判断遥测数据是否异常,主控系统根据判断结果进行故障等级划分,结合故障等级,动态调整神经单元。有效地缩短了通讯周期,提高了数据分析的处理速度。为提高空间相机的可靠性,使相机具有自主控制能力,提出了基于分层递阶智能控制的遥控指令处理方法。首先识别遥测数据故障等级;然后结合遥控指令对故障单元进行针对性的隔离、监测或恢复处理。增强了相机快速响应处理能力,提高了设备的安全性。为简化设计过程,进行了空间相机主控系统的硬件电路模块化设计。便于电路的重利用,缩短了单板设计周期。通过实验对主控系统的控制策略方法进行测试。实验结果表明,运用本文的策略方法,不仅可以减轻人工判读的负担,提高遥测数据分析的准确性,更重要的是能根据判读的结果进行有针对性的故障隔离与恢复,确保空间相机在轨工作期间的稳定与可靠,为相机顺利、圆满完成在轨成像任务提供了保障。系统待机运行周期为50ms,正常工作所需时间为150ms,运行时间短,处理速度快,具有实际的意义与应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the quality of remote sensing imaging of space camera is required higher. In order to meet the demand of high resolution and wide field of view, the focus of camera becomes longer and longer, the number of CCD is more and more, and the amount of information is more and more. For the main control system of camera, the data processing and control work is becoming more and more complicated. Because the resolution of most space cameras in our country is low and the control method of the main control system is simple, its working mode is usually interpreted manually by the ground control center to the telemetry data transmitted down by the satellite. The state of the camera is checked according to the interpretation result, and then the remote control command is sent through the ground control center to control the imaging of the camera, thus consuming more human resources. With the development and demand of high resolution, wide field of view camera, the amount of data information increases and the control becomes more and more complicated. The traditional manual interpretation method has the risk of misjudgment and missed judgment. At the same time, if the camera in orbit during work failure, can not be timely and effective treatment, the camera can only live with disease, to the equipment and even the whole destruction of the hidden danger. Therefore, it is necessary to study the control strategy of the main control system of space camera, that is, on the basis of the normal work of the main control system in the past, it can have the function of autonomous processing and improve the reliability of the system at the same time. This paper investigates the technical development of domestic and foreign space cameras, and the application status of automatic control technology in the field of space camera control. According to the working characteristics of the space camera control system, the related technology of the control strategy is studied. The main contents of the thesis are as follows: the main functions of the space camera control system and the main tasks of the onboard operation are analyzed, and the data transmission protocol format of the control system, subsystem and satellite is designed. It lays a foundation for the realization of the control strategy of the main control system of space camera. In order to meet the real-time requirement of on-orbit operation, a remote sensing data processing method based on discrete Hopfield neural network is proposed and its algorithm is improved. The associative memory ability of discrete Hopfield neural network is used to judge whether the telemetry data is abnormal or not. The main control system classifies the fault grades according to the judging results and adjusts the neural unit dynamically according to the fault level. The communication cycle is shortened effectively and the processing speed of data analysis is improved. In order to improve the reliability of space camera and make the camera have the ability of autonomous control, a remote command processing method based on hierarchical intelligent control is proposed. First, the fault level of telemetry data is identified, and then the fault unit is isolated, monitored or recovered in combination with remote control instructions. The fast response processing ability of the camera is enhanced, and the security of the equipment is improved. In order to simplify the design process, the modularization design of hardware circuit of the main control system of space camera is carried out. It is easy to reuse the circuit and shorten the design cycle of single board. The control strategy of the main control system is tested by experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method can not only reduce the burden of manual interpretation, but also improve the accuracy of telemetry data analysis. It ensures the stability and reliability of the space camera in orbit, which provides the guarantee for the camera to complete the imaging in orbit successfully. The standby running period of the system is 50 Ms, the normal working time is 150 Ms, the running time is short, the processing speed is fast, and it has practical significance and application value.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V445.8

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