上海市中小学体育场馆向社会开放风险与应对的研究
发布时间：2018-09-08 21:24
【摘要】：近年来,随着社会经济的蓬勃发展,我国民众的物质、精神和文化生活水平不断提高,体育锻炼成为他们追求健康生活的一种方式。然而,有限的场馆资源和不断增加的锻炼需求之间的“供需矛盾”日益严峻。为缓解此矛盾,促进全民健身运动的开展,国家和地方政府先后出台了相关政策鼓励中小学体育场馆向社会开放。中小学体育场馆开放不仅能够为民众带来便利,而且突显了学校的社会责任感,增加了学校与社会的互动,促进了学校的多样性发展。但是,多方面的风险致使中小学体育场馆向社会开放长效机制的建立一再放缓,如何科学管理这些风险成为研究中小学体育场馆向社会开放的关注点。本研究以风险管理原理与方法为理论基础,以上海市17个区向社会开放体育场馆的部分中小学作为调研对象。通过文献资料研究法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,从可能性、严重程度、可控性和风险量四个指标评估上海市中小学体育场馆向社会开放风险的水平并分析国家、社会、学校和个人四个层面应对措施的重要性。通过研究结果得到以下结论:第一,上海市中小学体育场馆向社会开放的各类风险中环境、财产和人身安全风险是可能性高发的三类风险,责任、日常管理和人身安全风险是高严重程度的三类风险,责任、财产安全和环境安全风险是控制难度较大的三类风险;责任、环境安全和财产安全风险的风险量水平排位较高,但都处于中低等级,校方可通过自留或者转移的策略进行应对。第二,不同类别学校在体育场馆向社会开放的风险水平评估中存在差异,主要表现在日常管理、人身安全和环境安全风险的可能性评估方面;有偿经营、人身安全、财产安全和环境安全风险的严重程度评估方面;日常管理、有偿经营、财产安全和环境安全风险的可控性评估方面。这些差异源于不同类别学校在学校规模、器材设施和学生发展条件等方面的差别。第三,学校在不同层面的风险应对措施中各有侧重。在政府层面,学校高度重视责任范围划分和政府投保两项措施;在社会层面,学校侧重舆论宣传、提高民众文明健身意识和诚信合作两项措施;在个人层面,学校看重民众规范校内行为和增强校内人员安全意识的两项措施。同时,学校注重通过建立切实可行的突发应急方案,划分教学区与开放区,更新开放时间,加强文明锻炼宣传力度和加强校内人员安全教育与管理来降低风险。第四,政府和学校层面的应对措施受到政策、制度等宏观因素和学校特征等具体因素的影响,不同类别学校对它们的评估情况有所不同。针对研究结果,笔者提出以下建议:第一,上海市中小学可以建立体育场馆向社会开放的校本数据库,依据数据库进行动态的调整,以减小环境、财产和人身安全风险发生的机率,降低责任、日常管理和人身安全风险的严重程度,侧重对责任、财产安全和环境安全风险的控制,加强责任、环境安全和财产安全风险整体的防范与应对。第二,上海市中小学应关注存在评估差异的风险,通过分析原因,制定有有效对策来降低甚至消除差异,促进学校体育场馆向社会开放的和谐统一发展。第三,国家和地方政府在制定政策时应将不同类别学校的特点纳入考虑,避免出现过于宏观而缺乏区域特征的情况。学校要结合国家、社会的大环境,依据校本特点制定符合自身特色的体育场馆向社会开放的应对措施。第四,学校可通过便捷的信息渠道,开设不同的信息平台,比如:“互联网+体育场馆向社会开放”的模式。校方可以充分利用互联网资源及时向民众及时更新体育场馆信息,提供器材使用说明以及锻炼须知等内容,增加便民服务,将空出的人力资源调配到对主观能动性要求更强的应对程序中。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the vigorous development of social economy, the people's material, spiritual and cultural living standards continue to improve, physical exercise has become a way of their pursuit of a healthy life. However, the "contradiction between supply and demand" between the limited resources of venues and the increasing demand for exercise has become increasingly serious. With the development of the movement, the state and local governments have issued relevant policies to encourage the opening of sports venues in primary and secondary schools to the public. The opening of sports venues in primary and secondary schools can not only bring convenience to the public, but also highlight the sense of social responsibility of schools, increase the interaction between schools and society, and promote the diversified development of schools. How to manage these risks scientifically has become the focus of the study on the opening of sports venues to the public. This study is based on the theory and method of risk management, and takes some primary and secondary schools in 17 districts of Shanghai as an example. Through literature research, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, this paper evaluates the level of risk of opening up sports venues to the public in Shanghai's primary and secondary schools from four indicators: possibility, severity, controllability and risk, and analyzes the importance of countermeasures at the four levels of the state, society, schools and individuals. The results are as follows: Firstly, the risks of environment, property and personal safety are the three kinds of risks which are highly likely to occur. Responsibility, daily management and personal safety are the three kinds of risks with high severity. Responsibility, property safety and environmental safety are difficult to control. There are three kinds of risk: responsibility, environmental safety and property safety risk rank high, but they are in the middle and low level, and the school can deal with them through the strategy of self-retention or transfer. Secondly, there are differences in the risk assessment of different types of schools in the stadium opening to the community, mainly in the daily management, personal safety. These differences stem from the size of schools, equipment and facilities, and the development of students in different types of schools. Thirdly, schools have different emphasis on different levels of risk response measures. At the government level, schools attach great importance to the scope of responsibility and the government insurance two measures; at the social level, schools focus on publicity, improve public awareness of civilized fitness and integrity of cooperation two measures; at the individual level, schools value At the same time, the school pays attention to reducing the risk by establishing feasible emergency plans, dividing the teaching area and the open area, renewing the opening time, strengthening the propaganda of civilized exercise and strengthening the safety education and management of school personnel. In view of the research results, the author puts forward the following suggestions: First, Shanghai primary and secondary schools can establish a school-based database of sports venues open to the public, and act according to the database. Secondly, primary and secondary schools in Shanghai should pay more attention to the responsibility, property and environmental security risks. There is a risk of evaluating differences, and through analysis of the reasons, effective countermeasures should be formulated to reduce or even eliminate the differences and promote the harmonious and unified development of school sports venues to open to the public. Thirdly, the state and local governments should take into account the characteristics of different types of schools in formulating policies, so as to avoid over-macro and lack of regional characteristics. The school should combine the national and social environment and formulate the measures to open to the public in accordance with its own characteristics according to the characteristics of the school. Fourth, schools can set up different information platforms through convenient information channels, such as "Internet + sports venues open to the public" mode. The school can make full use of the Internet. Network resources timely update the information of stadiums and gymnasiums to the public, provide equipment instructions and exercise instructions, increase convenience services, the allocation of spare human resources to the more subjective initiative requirements of the response process.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G818
本文编号：2231741
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the vigorous development of social economy, the people's material, spiritual and cultural living standards continue to improve, physical exercise has become a way of their pursuit of a healthy life. However, the "contradiction between supply and demand" between the limited resources of venues and the increasing demand for exercise has become increasingly serious. With the development of the movement, the state and local governments have issued relevant policies to encourage the opening of sports venues in primary and secondary schools to the public. The opening of sports venues in primary and secondary schools can not only bring convenience to the public, but also highlight the sense of social responsibility of schools, increase the interaction between schools and society, and promote the diversified development of schools. How to manage these risks scientifically has become the focus of the study on the opening of sports venues to the public. This study is based on the theory and method of risk management, and takes some primary and secondary schools in 17 districts of Shanghai as an example. Through literature research, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, this paper evaluates the level of risk of opening up sports venues to the public in Shanghai's primary and secondary schools from four indicators: possibility, severity, controllability and risk, and analyzes the importance of countermeasures at the four levels of the state, society, schools and individuals. The results are as follows: Firstly, the risks of environment, property and personal safety are the three kinds of risks which are highly likely to occur. Responsibility, daily management and personal safety are the three kinds of risks with high severity. Responsibility, property safety and environmental safety are difficult to control. There are three kinds of risk: responsibility, environmental safety and property safety risk rank high, but they are in the middle and low level, and the school can deal with them through the strategy of self-retention or transfer. Secondly, there are differences in the risk assessment of different types of schools in the stadium opening to the community, mainly in the daily management, personal safety. These differences stem from the size of schools, equipment and facilities, and the development of students in different types of schools. Thirdly, schools have different emphasis on different levels of risk response measures. At the government level, schools attach great importance to the scope of responsibility and the government insurance two measures; at the social level, schools focus on publicity, improve public awareness of civilized fitness and integrity of cooperation two measures; at the individual level, schools value At the same time, the school pays attention to reducing the risk by establishing feasible emergency plans, dividing the teaching area and the open area, renewing the opening time, strengthening the propaganda of civilized exercise and strengthening the safety education and management of school personnel. In view of the research results, the author puts forward the following suggestions: First, Shanghai primary and secondary schools can establish a school-based database of sports venues open to the public, and act according to the database. Secondly, primary and secondary schools in Shanghai should pay more attention to the responsibility, property and environmental security risks. There is a risk of evaluating differences, and through analysis of the reasons, effective countermeasures should be formulated to reduce or even eliminate the differences and promote the harmonious and unified development of school sports venues to open to the public. Thirdly, the state and local governments should take into account the characteristics of different types of schools in formulating policies, so as to avoid over-macro and lack of regional characteristics. The school should combine the national and social environment and formulate the measures to open to the public in accordance with its own characteristics according to the characteristics of the school. Fourth, schools can set up different information platforms through convenient information channels, such as "Internet + sports venues open to the public" mode. The school can make full use of the Internet. Network resources timely update the information of stadiums and gymnasiums to the public, provide equipment instructions and exercise instructions, increase convenience services, the allocation of spare human resources to the more subjective initiative requirements of the response process.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G818
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