我国失能老人医养康护养老服务问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 16:14

【摘要】：随着我国老龄化进程的日益加快,人类整体医疗技术发展水平的快速进步,人口平均预期寿命的逐年持续增长,现有老年人口对医疗卫生服务需求量也在不断增加,长期护理供给不足现象与老年人的身体健康情况多变复杂的问题日益突出。特别是有很大一部分的老年病患者多病共存,存在不同程度的日常生活自我照顾的障碍,而由家庭成员所提供长期照看护理功能日益被弱化,空巢的家庭状况尤甚。而当前各地区开办的各类养老机构收养老年人多为失能和半失能老人,并且很大的一部分不具备对长期需要生活护理、医疗护理、病后或术后康复以及临终关怀的服务对象提供具有医学治疗性的护理服务能力。因此创新医疗养老护理模式,建立居家—养老院—医院互为补充、有机结合的多元化医养结合服务体系,是保障老年人尤其是失能老人能够有一个有尊严的晚年的重要举措。本文在进行深入的阐述医养康护型养老服务模式推行的必要性及推行的可行性基础上,结合青岛市成功的运营经验,针对老年人慢性病发病率高所造成的医疗服务需求,探索建立将医疗和养老资源进行有机整合的新型医养康护型养老服务模式。本文的研究内容是主要是我国失能老人医养康护型养老服务模式研究。本研究采用的是问卷调查法、访谈法和文献研究法等调查研究的主要方法。笔者选取了青岛市市南区、市北区、崂山区公办和民办的8家实施医养康养老服务模式的机构展开了问卷调查和访谈,获得了青岛市实施医养康护型养老模式的第一手资料。结合文献分析法,细致分析了青岛市医养康护养老服务模式推行的背景、过程和发展现状及存在不足。在此基础上,最后提出了为建设适合我国国情的医养康护服务模式的政策建议。具体表现为以下五个方面:首先是加大政府在政策方面的支持力度,建立完整、公平的社会竞争机制;二是培养符合医养康护服务模式的的专业医护人员,为我国全面实行医养结合奠定人力资源基础;三是合理分配医疗和养老康护资源,充分发挥社会各界力量的共同参与;四是借鉴医院的分级护理经验,为慢性病老年人提供人性化、科学化的医疗护理服务,促进患者身体机能的恢复和提高;五是建立适用于我国国情的长期医疗护理保险制度,为医养康护型养老服务模式的实施提供制度保障。
[Abstract]:Along with the aging process of our country accelerating day by day, the rapid progress of the medical technology development level of the whole human being, the average life expectancy of the population increases year by year, the demand for medical and health services of the existing elderly population is also increasing. Long-term shortage of nursing care and the health of the elderly become more and more complicated. In particular, a large proportion of elderly patients coexist with many diseases, and there are barriers to self-care in daily life to varying degrees, while the long-term care and nursing function provided by family members is increasingly weakened, especially in empty nests. At present, all kinds of old-age care institutions in various regions are mostly disabled and semi-disabled, and a large part of them do not have long-term care for life and medical care. Patients with post-illness or post-operative rehabilitation and hospice care have the ability to provide medical therapeutic nursing services. Therefore, it is an important measure to guarantee the elderly, especially the disabled, to have a dignified old age by innovating the mode of medical old-age care, establishing a diversified system of medical and nursing service, which is complementary to each other in the home, nursing home and hospital, and organically combining the medical and nursing services. On the basis of deeply expounding the necessity and feasibility of carrying out the medical care and health care mode for the aged, and combining with the successful operation experience of Qingdao, this paper aims at the demand of medical service caused by the high incidence of chronic diseases among the elderly. To explore the establishment of a new type of medical care and health care old-age care service model which organically integrates medical care and old-age resources. The research content of this paper is mainly the research on the mode of medical care and health care for the disabled elderly in China. The main methods of this research are questionnaire, interview and literature research. In this paper, the author selected 8 organizations of Qingdao City, which were operated by the public and private organizations, to carry out questionnaires and interviews, and obtained the first-hand data of the implementation of the model of medical care and health care in Qingdao. Based on the literature analysis, this paper analyzes the background, the process, the present situation and the shortcomings of the implementation of the medical care and health care and old-age care service model in Qingdao. On the basis of this, some policy suggestions are put forward for the construction of medical care and health care service model suitable for the national conditions of our country. It is shown in the following five aspects: firstly, increasing the support of the government in policy and establishing a complete and fair social competition mechanism; The second is to train the professional medical and nursing personnel in accordance with the mode of medical care and health care service, to lay the foundation of human resources for the comprehensive implementation of the combination of medical care and nursing, to allocate the medical care and old-age care resources rationally, and to give full play to the joint participation of all sectors of society. Fourth, draw lessons from the experience of graded nursing in hospitals, provide humanized and scientific medical care services for the elderly with chronic diseases, and promote the recovery and improvement of patients' physical functions; The fifth is to establish a long-term medical and nursing insurance system suitable for China's national conditions, to provide institutional protection for the implementation of the model of medical care and health care for the aged.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C913.6;R197.1

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