现代汉语机构类缩略语研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 10:18

本文关键词： 机构类缩略语缩略语类型原型形式语节　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中的机构类缩略语数量多、应用广,是非常值得关注的语言现象。但是,目前人们只对缩略语有所注意,对机构类缩略语还没有专门的研究。鉴于此,本文采用文献检索、实证研究、描写分类、总结归纳等方法,对现代汉语中这一特殊的现象进行研究,以期待得出可以信赖的结论,为进一步研究提供一些经验和教训。同时,机构类缩略语研究对辞书编纂和对外汉语教学具有一定的意义。本文共六章,主要探讨机构类缩略语的定义、类型和原型关系以及缩略方式等。内容如下:第一章主要对缩略语和机构类缩略语进行研究综述,并探讨研究价值、研究方法、研究内容和难点等。同时指出,人们对于缩略语的关注主要在于其定义、构成方法、语法功能和原型的关系以及使用规范,这对于机构类缩略语的特征具有相当的积极性作用。第二章主要探讨机构类缩略语的定义。缩略语不同于简称,它必须满足四个条件:存在原型形式、原型形式先出现、缩略后和原型形式的意义一致且比原型形式简洁。同时,缩略语排除了字母、数字等缩略形式。而机构类缩略语就是一个正式的机关、团体或其它工作单位名称的缩略语。第三章总结了机构类缩略语的类型。机构类缩略语被划分成意义类型、结构类型、状态类型和语音类型。其中机构类缩略语的意义类型可以分为文化类、政治类、社会类、经济类、军事类、交通类和其它类,文化类机构名称为最多,反映了文化发展的主题。机构类缩略语以名词性为主,内部部分则有联合、动宾等结构差异。而状态类型则有言语性和语言性的分别,前者指临时性的不固定的缩略语,后者则比较稳固通用。机构类缩略语在语音上,以二音节、三音节、四音节为主,占据了所有机构缩略语的绝大部分。第四章总结了机构类缩略语的缩略方式。机构类缩略语的最常见的缩略方式有两种,完全缩略和部分缩略。前者有十一种方式,主要是按照语节来提取关键字组合成缩略语,后者有四种,主要是整个语节的删除和保留来组合成缩略语。然后分析了机构类缩略语及其原型形式之间的关系。机构类缩略语及其原型形式之间的关系非常的密切。从语音方面,原型形式一般要比缩略语至少多出两个音节,并且超出二到六个音节的原型形式数量最集中;从语法结构上,原型形式以四到十一音节最多,每个可以划分出很多语节,这和缩略语的形成有密切关系。从习惯和认知上来看,人们对于缩略语的创造和使用,都有一种意识和规律在,都是尽量符合人们的说话习惯,建立联想,避免歧义等。第五章提出了机构类缩略语研究的意义。机构类缩略语研究对辞书编纂和对外汉语教学具有一定的意义。辞书编纂方面,应该少收一些言语性的缩略语、不符合人们习惯的缩略语和具有歧义性的缩略语。同时,还要注意一些机构缩略语的漏收和误收问题。对外汉语教学上,应该让学生多了解中国文化和具体国情,进而理解缩略语的涵义,同时也要编纂一些字典,开展一些有关缩略语的教学课程,真正让留学生了解现代汉语。第六章对机构类缩略语的研究进行了总结,得出了一些比较可靠的结论。即缩略语不同于简称,而机构类缩略语被划分成意义类型、结构类型、状态类型和语音类型。它与其原型形式之间的关系非常的密切,最常见的缩略方式有两种,完全缩略和部分缩略。机构类缩略语研究对辞书编纂和对外汉语教学具有一定的意义。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese organization abbreviations in quantity, wide application, is a language phenomenon that deserves much attention. However, the people of abbreviations note that there is no special research on the institutional abbreviations. In view of this, this paper using literature retrieval, empirical research, descriptive classification, summarizes the methods for the research of the modern this is a special phenomenon in Chinese, in order to draw reliable conclusions, provide some experience and lessons for further study. At the same time, the research institutions of abbreviations has certain significance for lexicography and foreign language teaching. This paper consists of six chapters, mainly discusses the definition of institutional abbreviations, types and relations as well as the thumbnail mode prototype. The contents are as follows: the first chapter of abbreviations and acronyms of research institutions, and discusses the research value, research methods, research content and difficult point. Also pointed out that people Are abbreviations for attention mainly lies in its definition, formation, relationship between the grammatical function and the prototype and the use of norms, the mechanism of acronyms has the characteristics of positive role is defined. The second chapter mainly discusses the mechanism of acronyms. Different abbreviations Yu Jian said, it must meet four conditions: the existence of the prototype, prototype first, after the prototype meaning of form and abbreviations consistent and concise than the prototype. At the same time, abbreviations exclude letters, numbers and acronyms abbreviations. Institution is a formal agency, abbreviation organizations or other company name. The third chapter summarizes the types of institutions. These abbreviations are abbreviations divided into meaning types, structure types, types and types of speech. The state institutions of abbreviation meaning types can be divided into cultural, political, and social class, the Economic, military, transportation and other cultural institutions, name for the most, which reflects the cultural theme of the development of institutions. In terms of abbreviations, the internal part has a joint, verb object structure differences. While the state type are the speech and language, the former refers to the temporary the fixed abbreviations, the latter is more stable. The general mechanism of abbreviations in speech, with two syllables, three syllables, four syllables, occupy most of all agency abbreviations. The fourth chapter summarizes the mechanism of acronyms abbreviations. There are two types of institutions, the most common abbreviations abbreviated ways, completely the former part of abbreviation and the abbreviations of the books. There are eleven ways, mainly in accordance with the language section to extract keywords into abbreviations, the latter had four, mainly is the language section of the delete and keep combining abbreviations. Then analyzes the institutional abbreviations The relationship between the language and the form of prototype. The relationship between institutions and the abbreviations in prototype form very closely. From the aspects of voice, usually in the form of prototype than abbreviations at least more than two syllables, and beyond the most concentrated number of prototype form two to six syllables; from the grammatical structure, with four to eleven syllables in prototype form at most, each can be divided into many languages, there is a close relationship between the formation and the abbreviations. From habit and cognitive perspective, people for the creation and use of abbreviations, have a kind of consciousness and law, is to meet the people's habits, the establishment of the association, to avoid ambiguity. The fifth chapter puts forward the research the significance of research institutions. Abbreviations abbreviation mechanism has a certain significance for lexicography and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The compilation of dictionaries, should be less some words of abbreviations, does not meet the people The habit of acronyms and ambiguous abbreviations. At the same time, we should pay attention to some of the omissions and agency abbreviations misreceiving. Foreign language teaching, should let students know more about China culture and specific national conditions, to understand the meaning of abbreviations, but also some dictionary compilation, to carry out some of the abbreviations of the teaching curriculum, really let the students know about modern Chinese. The sixth chapter research on institutional abbreviations are summarized, get some reliable conclusions. That is different from the abbreviation referred to, and the mechanism of acronyms is divided into significance types, structure types, state type and voice type. Relations between it and its prototype form very close. There are two kinds of the most common abbreviations, acronyms and abbreviations. Part of all abbreviations mechanism has a certain significance for lexicography and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136.6

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