现代汉语或然类语气副词比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 00:06

本文选题：或然类语气副词　切入点：句法　出处：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：或然类语气副词不仅是重要的语法手段,而且是言语交际和对外汉语教学不可或缺的内容。本文运用“三个平面”和功能语法相关理论,采用描写解释、定量定性、静态动态、共时历时结合分析的方法,比较研究了“也许、或许、大约、大概、恐怕”句法、语义、语用、语法化及主观化等的异同及其原因。句法比较,考察了其句法位置、与能愿动词、数量短语、时间名词或短语的组合、与语气词共现及内部连用共现情况。其句位灵活;经常与“可能类”能愿动词连用,较少与“意愿类、必须类”连用;“大约”主要修饰数量短语、时间名词或短语;与语气词“吧1、了、的、呢1”经常共现,不与“吗、呢2”共现;自身或极相似的不可连用;“大约、大概、恐怕”并举时各语义项不可对立相反。语义比较,在词典和重新释义基础上进行了语义辨析。它们都具有或然性和委婉性,但“大约”多估计时间、数量,其他的多推测情况;“大约、大概、恐怕”比“也许、或许”推测理据客观、语义确信度大、委婉程度弱;“恐怕”语境色彩偏消极。语用比较,考察了其句类、语体分布和语用功能。它们主要分布于陈述句,较少分布于揣度问句、特指问句、感叹句,不分布于祈使句;“大概”比“大约”,“也许”比“或许”多分布于口语,“大约”广泛分布于书面语;它们还具有信息功能、语篇功能和人际功能。语法化及主观化比较,考察了其语法化过程和机制、主观化程度、交互主观化及交互主观性等。在双音化、语义融合及重新分析作用下,“也许、或许”由“也、或、许”各自语法化后词汇化而来;在隐喻、语义泛化作用下,“大约”由副词,“大概”由名词到形容词到副词,“恐怕”由害怕义到担心义动词,到揣测(兼担心义)副词,不断虚化而来;主观化程度依次为“也许或许大概恐怕大约”;它们还经历了交互主观化,人际功能即其交互主观性的表现。本文认为各或然类语气副词句法、语义、语用等方面的差异相互联系、相互制约,且与语法化、主观化关系密切;而语用环境及语言的经济性原则、明晰性原则是其历时演变和共时差异的决定性因素。
[Abstract]:Probabilistic modal adverbs are not only important grammatical means, but also indispensable content in verbal communication and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper applies the theory of "three planes" and functional grammar, and adopts descriptive interpretation, quantitative qualitative analysis and static dynamic analysis. By means of synchronic diachronic analysis, this paper compares and studies the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, grammaticalization and subjectivization of the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, grammatical and subjective syntactic positions. A combination of verbs, quantitative phrases, temporal nouns or phrases, coexisting with mood words and coexisting internally. Its sentence position is flexible; often used with "possible" verbs, less with "willing," Must be "used"; "approximately" mainly modifies quantitative phrases, temporal nouns or phrases; and the modal word "1," 1 "often co-occurs, does not co-occur with" 2 "; itself or very similar cannot be used;" approximately, roughly, " I am afraid that the semantic terms can not be opposed in parallel. Semantic comparison is based on lexicography and reinterpretation. They are both probabilistic and euphemistic, but "approximately" estimates more time and quantity. I am afraid that "probably" is more objective than "perhaps", with a large degree of semantic certainty and a weak degree of euphemism; "I am afraid" the context is somewhat negative. Stylistic distribution and pragmatic functions. They are mainly distributed in declarative sentences, less in predictors, especially in questions, exclamations, Not distributed in imperative sentences; "probably" than "approximately", "perhaps" than "perhaps" distributed in spoken language, "about" widely distributed in written language; they also have informational, textual and interpersonal functions, grammaticalization and subjectivization, The grammaticalization process and mechanism, the degree of subjectivity, the subjectivization of interaction and the subjectivity of interaction are investigated. Under the action of bisyllabic, semantic fusion and reanalysis, "maybe, maybe" comes from the lexicalization of "also, or, Xu" after their respective grammaticalization. Under the influence of metaphor and semantic generalization, "approximate" comes from adverbs, "probably" from nouns to adjectives to adverbs, "I'm afraid" from fear of meaning to worry about semantic verbs, to speculate (and worry about meaning) adverbs, and constantly fictitious. The degree of subjectivization in turn is "perhaps perhaps probably roughly"; they also experience interaction subjectivization, and interpersonal function is the manifestation of interaction subjectivity. This paper holds that the syntactic and semantic features of each probabilistic modal adverb. The differences in pragmatics are closely related to grammaticalization and subjectivization, while the economic principle of pragmatic environment and language, the principle of clarity is the decisive factor of its diachronic evolution and synchronic difference.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2

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