现代汉语“不A不B”格式的多角度考察

发布时间：2018-03-19 03:22

本文选题：“不A不B”　切入点：相关格式　出处：《上海师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 现代汉语“不A不B”格式的出现频率很高,该格式形式简练、表义丰富,而且在语言长期发展过程中不断得到充实和创新。我们在对外汉语教学中发现,留学生对这种否定副词的间隔连用也较感兴趣,但他们对其理解上存在一定的偏误,表现在很难辨析同一“不A不B”格式因语境不同所体现的语义差异。而同一个词分别嵌入“不A不B”和“没A没B”格式所产生的格式义,则更容易造成留学生在理解上的偏差和困惑。本文在三个平面语法理论的指导下,吸收和总结前贤研究成果,基于大量语料分析,分别对“不A不B”格式的内部构成、语义关系、句法功能、语用价值以及与相关格式比较等方面进行了多角度的考察。首先从进入该格式的词(语素)的音节、词性、位序分析入手,考察进入该格式的词(语素)的表现形式及变化规律。详细讨论了“不A不B”格式的语义分类,将此类格式的否定义分成“完全否定”、“部分否定”、“中间义”和“逻辑推理义”。同时,进一步分析此类格式A、B的语义关系,可分为联合关系(同义关系、反义关系、同类关系)和偏正关系(假设关系和因果关系)。通过考察分析,认为“不A不B”作为一种固定格式或类固定格式和语法单位,不是孤立存在的,该格式与句中其它句子成分以及上下文语境发生语法关系和语义关系。其次考察了“不A不B”格式的句法功能和语用价值,认为该格式中的否定副词“不”的用法已经蜕化,其格式义已具关联性,在表达功能上是静态的,具有描写性,在语境中的功能有时相当于一个词,在句中既可以充当谓语、定语、补语、状语、宾语,也可以充当复句中的分句。在考察中我们发现,“不A不B”格式有着丰富的语体、感情色彩,在表达上具有较强的功用性,更体现出语言的经济性、简约性原则。最后对否定副词“不”和“没(有)”在与动词(动素)、形容词(形素)和名词(名素)结合所受的语义制约进行分析,进一步考察了“不A不B”与“没A没B”格式在句法、语义、沿用等方面的区别。我们发现,“不A不旷格式与“没A没B”格式在构成成分、构成音节、语法性质以及语用价值等方而都存有相同之处,这也可以说是两个格式同时存在的原因和意义所在。但在语义方面,由于“不”和“没”的制约条件不同,能够同时进入这两种格式的词或语素不多,在有限的词或语素进入这两种格式时所体现的语义色彩有时也截然相反。同时,还考察了“不A不B”格式作为“A不A、B不B”格式的一种缩略式,二者在语义特征上的异同之处。
[Abstract]:The modern Chinese format "Bu A not B" has a very high frequency. It is concise in form, rich in meaning, and constantly enriched and innovated in the long process of language development. We have found that in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, Foreign students are also interested in the spacial use of negative adverbs, but they have some errors in their understanding of them. It is very difficult to distinguish the semantic differences in the same "A B" format because of the different context, while the same word is embedded in the "no A B" format and the "no A no B" format, respectively. It is more likely to cause deviation and confusion in the understanding of foreign students. Under the guidance of three plane grammar theories, this paper absorbs and summarizes the achievements of the former scholars, and based on the analysis of a large number of corpus, analyzes the internal structure, semantic relations and syntactic functions of the "no A no B" format, respectively. The pragmatic value and the comparison with relevant formats are investigated from various angles. Starting with the syllable, part of speech and position order of the words (morpheme) entering the format, this paper investigates the expression and variation of the words (morpheme) entering the format, and discusses in detail the semantic classification of the "no A not B" format. The negative meaning of this kind of format is divided into "complete negation", "partial negation", "intermediate meaning" and "logical reasoning meaning". Through investigation and analysis, it is concluded that "no A not B", as a fixed format or class fixed format and grammatical unit, does not exist in isolation. The format has syntactic and semantic relations with other sentence elements and context. Secondly, this paper examines the syntactic function and pragmatic value of the "Bu-A" format, and thinks that the usage of the negative adverb "Bu" in this form has been degenerated, and its formal meaning has been related, and its expressive function is static and descriptive. The function in context is sometimes equivalent to a word, which can be used as predicate, attributive, complement, adverbial, object or clause in complex sentence. Emotional color, in terms of expression has a strong functional, but also reflects the economy of the language, the principle of simplicity. Finally, the semantic constraints of negative adverbs "Bu" and "no (you)" in combination with verbs (actives, adjectives (morpheme) and nouns (nouns) are analyzed, and the syntax of "no A B" and "no A no B" are further investigated. We find that "no A not open format" and "no A no B" format have similarities in composition, syllable, grammatical nature and pragmatic value. This can also be said to be the reason and meaning of the existence of the two formats at the same time. However, in terms of semantics, there are not many words or morphemes that can enter the two formats at the same time due to the different constraints of "no" and "no". Sometimes, the semantic color of the two formats is opposite when a finite word or morpheme enters the two formats. At the same time, the paper also examines the difference and similarities of the semantic features between the two formats as a kind of abbreviated form of "A neither A nor B" format.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146

【引证文献】