HSK词汇大纲同素逆序词考查及教学建议

发布时间：2018-05-08 02:26

本文选题：《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》 + 同素逆序词　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：同素逆序词就是构词语素序位互逆的同素词,且以双音节复合词为主。留学生在使用过程中,经常会出现一系列偏误,对同素逆序词的研究能够更好地指导教学。目前对同素逆序词的研究多从汉语本体的角度研究其界定、成因、特点等。本文从对外汉语教学的角度研究《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》中的同素逆序词,并结合具体语料和教材,提出同素逆序词对外汉语教学的建议,目的在于有效指导这类词的教学。本文主要从以下几个方面,开展研究工作:第一,搜索出大纲中的52对同素逆序词,并对其词性、词义和结构进行分析。大纲中同素逆序词词性以不变为主,词义多为同素逆序异义词,其结构多为联合结构和偏正结构。意义相近或相关的同素逆序词是学习的难点,应把握其在范围、程度、侧重点、搭配、句法功能、感情色彩的差异。第二,考查留学生同素逆序词的习得情况。搜索了北京语言大学HSK动态作文语料库中的语料,确定了语料库中高偏误率的词对;从高频使用、高偏误率和学生学过的词三个角度设置了同素逆序词习得情况调查问卷。调查问卷在一定程度上弥补了语料库语料不足的缺陷。语料库中高偏误率的词对,有些在问卷中偏误率却很低,语境能够帮助留学生选择正确的同素逆序词。第三,结合对外汉语教材,指出教材中释义不科学的地方并对其释义提出建议。同素逆序词的教法,应在对同素逆序词词性、词义、结构和辨析方法分析的基础上结合高偏误率词对和具体语料进行。提出了重视语素教学,词与字(语素)教学相结合;用近义词辨析方法分析同素逆序词;注重教学顺序分阶段教学和结合语境进行教学的建议。本研究结果显示,意义相近或相关的同素逆序词是教学中的难点,教师应加强对这些词的辨析。
[Abstract]:The converse word is a conformational word with inverse morpheme order, and the disyllabic compound word is the main word. A series of errors often occur in the process of use by foreign students. At present, the research on the inverse word of the same morpheme mainly studies its definition, causes and characteristics from the perspective of Chinese ontology. From the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, this paper studies the converse words in the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters, and puts forward some suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language with the help of specific corpus and teaching materials. The purpose is to effectively guide the teaching of such words. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, 52 pairs of converse words in the outline are searched, and their parts of speech, meaning and structure are analyzed. In the outline, the part of speech of the same morpheme reverse order word is mainly invariant, the word meaning is mostly the same element reverse order dismeaning word, its structure mostly is the joint structure and the partial structure. It is difficult to study the similar or related syntactic reverse words. We should grasp the differences in scope, degree, emphasis, collocation, syntactic function and emotional color. The second part is to examine the acquisition of the same morpheme reverse word by the foreign students. This paper searches the corpus of HSK dynamic composition of Beijing language and language University, determines the word pairs with high error rate in the corpus, and sets up a questionnaire on the acquisition of the same morpheme reverse word from the three angles of high frequency use, high error rate and the words learned by students. To some extent, the questionnaire makes up for the deficiency of corpus. Some of the word pairs with high error rate in the corpus have a low error rate in the questionnaire. Context can help foreign students to choose the correct word with the same morpheme in reverse order. Thirdly, combining the teaching materials of TCFL, the author points out the unscientific interpretation of the textbooks and puts forward some suggestions. The teaching method of inverse word of the same element should be based on the analysis of part of speech, word meaning, structure and method of discriminating the word pair with high error rate and the concrete corpus. The paper puts forward some suggestions to pay attention to the teaching of morpheme, the combination of word and word (morpheme) teaching, the analysis of the same morpheme reverse word by using the method of synonym discrimination, and the suggestion of paying attention to teaching sequence by stages and combining context teaching. The results of this study show that the similar or related words with the same morpheme are difficult points in teaching, and teachers should strengthen the analysis of these words.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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