“很多”、“很少”的不对称分析与对外汉语教学

发布时间：2018-05-12 07:11

本文选题：“很多” + “很少”　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：“很多”、“很少”看似是一对结构相同,意义相反的结构组,语义和语法功能应具有对称性,实则不然。留学生在实际使用中也容易出现偏误。文章旨在分析“很多”、“很少”的对称性和不对称性,解释不对称原因。根据对语言本体的分析,偏误的整理分类,教材考察发现的不足,对对外汉语教学提出有效的建议。文章首先对“很多”、“很少”进行语义上的对称和不对称分析。从语料入手,对语料进行搜集整理,结合先贤的研究分析总结出“很多”、“很少”的语义。“很多”有数量大和用于比较表示相差程度大的语义。“很少”有表示数量较小和表示动作主体行为动作频度小的语义。在表示数量上,“很多”、“很少”具有一定的对称性,但是由于和预设标准相差的数量是不一致,“很多”、“很少”表示数量时又是不对称的。当“很多”表示相差程度大,“很少”表示动作行为频度小时,语义上完全不对称。其次,结合语义的不对称性,对“很多”、“很少”的语法功能进行对称和不对称分析。发现当“很多”表示数量大、“很少”表示数量较小时,语义有一定的对称性,所以“很多”、“很少”在谓语、动词补语语法位置上具有一致性;由于“很多”、“很少”语义的不对称,它们在主语、宾语、定语、形容词补语、状语位置上不对称。“很多”、“很少”不仅语义完全不对称,语法功能也完全不对称。最后,对留学生的偏误收集,整理,分类,并分析偏误原因。对教材中“很多”、“很少”的释义、语法解释、练习设置等进行考察,发现不足。根据本体分析,偏误分析结果和教材考察结果对“很多”、“很少”的对外汉语教学提出有效的建议。
[Abstract]:"many" and "few" seem to be a pair of structure groups with the same structure and opposite meaning. The semantic and grammatical functions should be symmetrical, but not in fact. Foreign students are also prone to errors in practical use. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the symmetry and asymmetry of "many" and "few" and explain the reasons of asymmetry. According to the analysis of language ontology, the classification of errors and the shortcomings of teaching materials, effective suggestions are put forward for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper first analyzes the semantic symmetry and asymmetry of "many" and "few". Start with the corpus, collect and arrange the corpus, and sum up the semantics of "many" and "few" according to the research and analysis of the sages. Many have a large number of semantics and are used to compare large differences. "rare" has the semantics of small number and low frequency of action. In the representation of quantity, "many" and "few" have certain symmetry, but because of the difference with the preset standard, the quantity of "many" and "few" is asymmetric. When "many" denotes a big difference, "little" indicates a small frequency of action behavior and is semantically asymmetrical. Secondly, combined with semantic asymmetry, the grammatical functions of "many" and "few" are analyzed symmetrically and asymmetrically. It is found that when "many" means a large number, "few" means a small number, the semantics have certain symmetry, so "many" and "very little" have consistency in predicate, verb complement grammatical position; because "many", The asymmetries of "few" semantics, which are asymmetrical in the position of subject, object, attribute, adjective complement, adverbial. Not only is the semantics completely asymmetrical, but the grammatical functions are also asymmetrical. Finally, the error collection, sorting, classification, and analysis of the causes of errors. This paper investigates the interpretation of "many" and "few" in the textbook, grammar explanation, practice setting and so on. According to ontology analysis, the results of bias analysis and textbook inspection provide effective suggestions for "many" and "few" TCFL.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】