单音节依存反义动词句法结构与功能的不对称性统计分析

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:32

本文选题：单音节依存反义动词 + 句法结构　；参考：《北京语言大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：反义词通过揭示事物间彼此区别对立的本质得到了广泛运用,以反义词为代表的对称性与不对称性也一直是语言学研究的热点。而词汇的研究中,动词一直处于语言研究和表达的核心和关键位置。把反义词与动词结合起来的反义动词的研究无疑是一个复杂的体系。在词汇的研究中,学者们越来越注重将词汇的研究与词汇所在的句法研究结合起来,虽然前人意识到了反义动词在句式上存在不对称现象,但是对于句式是如何影响反义动词句法不对称性的,以及反义动词在句法上的不对称性的具体表现没有进行深入探究和分析。本文采用使用度比较高的单音节依存反义动词作为研究对象和切入点来探讨反义词与动词结合起来使用的情况,主要通过分析句法结构框架的丰富度、集中度、优势和常用句法结构框架的不对称性来考察其句法结构的不对称性。通过统计分析句法结构配搭的句法语义成分:主语、宾语、补语,来分析其句法语义功能特点,在此基础上对单音节依存反义动词的语义功能进行范畴化归类总结。本文通过对10组高频单音节依存反义动词的句法结构和语义功能进行语料标注、统计和分析,得到了如下结论:1)单音节依存反义动词组内的两个分别表示“给予义”、“获得义”的反义动词在句法结构和语义功能上具有不对称性。2)单音节依存反义动词组内的两个反义动词在句法结构上的不对称性主要表现在优势句法结构框架和常用句法结构框架的使用上存在不对称性。表示“给予义”特征单音节依存反义动词以“主+动(+宾)”为主,而表示“获得义”特征的以“主+动+补+(宾)”为主。3)单音节依存反义动词组内的两个反义动词在语义功能上的不对称性主要表现在搭配主语、宾语和补语的使用上具有不对称性。4)受人们认知的影响表示“获得义”特征的单音节依存反义动词是无标记的,而表示“给予义”特征的单音节依存反义动词是有标记的,后面常搭配“给”使用。5)表示“给予义”特征的单音节依存反义动词的处置义功能要比表示“获得义”特征的单音节依存反义动词的处置义功能强。上述结论可以为对外汉语教学和对外汉语教材的编写提供指导:教学者在进行反义动词教学时应注重结合句法,对反义动词成对教学和对比教学,在编写教材时应注意要将一组反义动词最主要和最具有区别意义的句法结构展示出来。
[Abstract]:Antonyms have been widely used by revealing the essence of things being different from each other, and the symmetry and asymmetry represented by antonyms have always been the focus of linguistic research. In the study of vocabulary, verbs have always been the core and key position of language research and expression. The study of antonyms and verbs is undoubtedly a complex system. In the study of vocabulary, scholars pay more and more attention to combining the study of vocabulary with the syntactic study of the word, although the predecessors realized that there is asymmetry in the sentence structure of the antisense verb. However, how the sentence structure affects the syntactic asymmetry of antisense verbs and the syntactic asymmetry of antisense verbs have not been deeply explored and analyzed. In this paper, the use of monosyllabic antisense verbs, which are relatively high in use, is used as the research object and the starting point to explore the combination of antonyms and verbs, mainly through the analysis of the richness and concentration of syntactic framework. The advantage and the asymmetry of syntactic frame are used to investigate the asymmetry of syntactic structure. Through statistical analysis of syntactic semantic components of syntactic structure matching: subject, object and complement, the characteristics of syntactic and semantic functions are analyzed, and the semantic functions of monosyllabic dependency antisense verbs are classified and summarized on this basis. In this paper, the syntactic structure and semantic function of 10 groups of high-frequency monosyllabic antisense verbs are annotated, statistics and analyses are made, and the following conclusions are obtained: "giving meaning" in the group of monosyllabic dependency antisense verbs. The unsymmetry of the two antisense verbs in the group of monosyllabic antisense verbs in syntactic structure and semantic function is mainly manifested in the framework of superior syntactic structure. There is asymmetry in the use of common syntactic structure frames. Meaning "giving meaning" characteristic monosyllabic dependency antonym verb is mainly "main action (object)", The semantic asymmetry of the two antisense verbs in the group of monosyllabic antisense verbs is mainly reflected in the collocation of the subject. The use of objects and complements is asymmetric. 4) the monosyllabic dependent antisense verbs, which are influenced by people's cognition, are unmarked, while the monosyllabic dependent antisense verbs that express the "giving meaning" feature are marked. The function of the monosyllabic dependency antisense verb with "giving meaning" is stronger than that of the monosyllabic dependent antisense verb with the feature of "obtaining meaning". These conclusions can provide guidance for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and the compilation of textbooks for Chinese as a foreign language: teachers should pay attention to the combination of syntactic and contrastive teaching of antisense verbs in the teaching of antisense verbs. In compiling textbooks, attention should be paid to displaying the most important and differentiated syntactic structures of antisense verbs.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195

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