留学生形名搭配句法与语义关系习得研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:18

本文选题：形容词 + 习得　；参考：《北京语言大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 形容词在汉语词类体系中占有十分重要的地位,形容词的句法功能在汉语语法研究和对外汉语教学中都非常重要,作定语和作谓语是形容词的主要功能。在形名搭配这一特殊的结构组合中,形容词既可以作定语又可以作谓语,这为研究留学生习得形容词的定语和谓语功能提供了新的视角,而且留学生在使用形名搭配时,会犯语义搭配和句法功能方面的错误,形名搭配同时兼顾句法和语义信息,也为我们研究留学生心理词典中句法和语义关系提供了新的切入点。本研究从形名搭配角度对“(汉语水平)词汇等级大纲”中的128个甲级形容词形成的267个形容词义项进行评测分析,形成新类别下的甲级形容词词表,并对新类别下甲级形容词的分布状况做了统计分析,在此基础上,从甲乙级词表中选取不同类别的形容词,结合句法违反和语义违反形名搭配类型,通过实验研究的方法考察了留学生形容词单向、单双向意识以及句法和语义信息意识的形成和发展,得出以下结论: (1)从形容词和名词搭配的角度可以把形容词分为:单向形容词、单双向形容词和双向形容词,单向形容词分为两类:A+N类单向形容词和N+A类单向形容词。不同类别形容词的特点不同。(2)不同类别的形容词在甲级形容词中的分布状况不同,在音节和义项上呈现的特点不同。在甲级词表中,双向形容词最多;单向形容词次之,其中A+N类的个数要多于N+A类;单双向形容词最少。双向形容词在双音节上占优势,多是本义或常用义;单向形容词在单音节上占优势,单向形容词中A+N类的义项比较单纯和统一,N+A类的义项往往只是形容词多个义项中的一个;单双向形容词在单音节上占优势,它的义项也多是常用义,但是具有多指向性。(3)留学生具有形容词单向搭配和单双向搭配的意识,随着汉语水平的提高,这种意识不断提高。(4)留学生在使用形容词时具有了运用形容词句法和语义信息的能力,随着汉语水平的提高,这种能力不断提高。(5)在形名搭配中,留学生对形容词的习得过程是从语义到句法的渐进过程。语义信息贯穿于习得的全过程,起主要作用,句法信息是逐渐获得的。(6)在习得形名搭配过程中,留学生在中高级阶段出现了“僵化”和“高原期现象”,表现在留学生在单向、单双向形容词以及对句法和语义信息认知水平上的发展缓慢。根据上述结论,我们认为对外汉语形容词教学不是简单的词汇意义的教学,而应该结合不同类别形容词的特点,根据形容词的向进行教学,从而使留学生更好地习得形名搭配中的形容词。
[Abstract]:Adjectives play a very important role in Chinese part of speech system. The syntactic function of adjectives is very important in the study of Chinese grammar and teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and attributive and predicate are the main functions of adjectives. In this special structural combination, adjectives can be both attributive and predicate, which provides a new perspective for studying the attributive and predicate functions of adjectives learned by foreign students. It can make mistakes in semantic collocations and syntactic functions. It also provides a new starting point for us to study the syntactic and semantic relationships in foreign students' psychological dictionaries. In this study, 267 adjective meanings of 128 Grade A adjectives in the outline of Vocabulary Grade (Chinese level) were evaluated and analyzed from the angle of collocation of form and name, and a lexical list of adjectives of Grade A was formed under the new category. On the basis of the statistical analysis of the distribution of the adjectives of Grade A under the new category, different categories of adjectives are selected from the thesaurus of Grade A and B, combined with syntactic violation and semantic violation. In this paper, the formation and development of unidirectional, syntactic and semantic information awareness of adjectives of foreign students are investigated by means of experimental research. The following conclusions are drawn: From the angle of adjective and noun collocation, adjectives can be divided into unidirectional adjectives, unidirectional adjectives and bidirectional adjectives, and one-way adjectives can be divided into two categories: 1. The characteristics of different adjectives are different. (2) the distribution of adjectives of different categories in class A adjectives is different, and the characteristics of syllables and meanings are different. The number of bidirectional adjectives is the most in the category A, followed by one-way adjectives, in which the number of category A N is more than that of category N, and the number of single adjectives is the least. Bidirectional adjectives are dominant in double syllables, most of them are original or commonly used meanings, and unidirectional adjectives are dominant in monosyllabic syllables. The meaning of category A and N in one-way adjectives is simple and unified. The meaning of category A is often only one of the multiple meanings of adjectives. The single and bidirectional adjectives are dominant in monosyllabic terms, and their meanings are also commonly used. However, the students have the consciousness of unidirectional collocation of adjectives and unidirectional collocations, and with the improvement of the Chinese level, With the improvement of Chinese level, the ability of using adjective syntactic and semantic information has been improved. The acquisition of adjectives by foreign students is a gradual process from semantics to syntax. Semantic information runs through the whole process of acquisition and plays a major role. Syntactic information is gradually acquired. (6) in the process of acquiring the collocation of form and name, foreign students appear "ossification" and "plateau period" in the middle and advanced stages, which is manifested in the one-way of foreign students. The development of single-directional adjectives and cognitive level of syntactic and semantic information is slow. According to the above conclusions, we think that the teaching of adjectives as a foreign language is not a simple teaching of lexical meaning, but should be combined with the characteristics of different types of adjectives, according to the orientation of adjectives. So that foreign students can better learn the adjectives in the collocation of form and name.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195

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