中美称赞语应答策略的对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 01:47

本文选题：对比研究 + 言语行为　；参考：《湖南大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 称赞是人们日常交际中频繁使用的一种礼貌言语行为,是说话者对听话者具备的良好素质或拥有物显性或隐性的赞美。称赞及其应答构成了人们言语交际能力的一个重要方面。诸多研究表明这一言语行为并不像看上去那么简单,它涉及到社会、文化和语言等诸多方面。近三十年来,称赞语应答一直是共时语言研究的热点,相关研究己涉及语用学、话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学、交际民族志学,跨文化交际等领域。但其中对称赞语应答的研究大多基于英语文化,对汉语文化语境下的研究还不够充分,更重要的是,对于英汉称赞语应答进行对比研究的则更少,这是本项研究的主要动因。本文旨在采用对比分析的方法,基于言语行为理论和礼貌理论,对中美两种语言中称赞语应答进行跨文化对比分析;本研究采用问卷法收集收据,问卷的设计参照了Beebe et al. (1990)等学者所采用的“语篇补全测试(DCT)”模式,并做了少许修改。本文的问卷共设计了8个情景,问卷的每个情景分别描述不同的话题,涉及外表,性格,成就能力和拥有物。受试对象选取来自不同性别、年龄、教育程度和职业背景的40位汉语母语者和20位美语母语者,共60人。问卷要求受试者根据日常生活中习惯言语回答问题,写出各自母语的称赞应答方式。通过问卷所收集到的数据,借助SPSS的卡方检验进行定量分析。此外,社会因素,即,性别,年龄和教育程度对称赞语策略选择的影响也通过斯皮尔曼相关系数进行了检测。研究结果表明:(1)在称赞应答策略的使用频率上,美语和汉语的策略选择既有相似之处,也存在明显差异。(2)文化及社会因素影响人们称赞应答策略的选择。此项分析也表明人们在交际中的礼貌策略深受不同文化传统的思维定势及人际关系取向的影响。中美称赞语应答策略之间的具体差异充分反映了中美文化领域的差异。对这些文化差异的认识将有助于人们有效地提高跨文化交际的能力,尤其是提高在跨文化交际场合中恰当地给予和接受称赞语的能力。对中美称赞语应答的对比研究对当前我国的英语教学及其对外汉语教学都具有重要启示。
[Abstract]:Praise is a kind of politeness speech act frequently used in people's daily communication. It is a kind of good quality or explicit or implicit praise to the hearer by the speaker. Praise and its response constitute an important aspect of people's communicative competence. Many studies show that this speech act is not as simple as it seems. It involves social, cultural and linguistic aspects. In the past 30 years, compliment response has been a hot topic in synchronic language research. The related studies have covered the fields of pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, ethnography of communication, cross-cultural communication and so on. But most of them are based on English culture, the research on Chinese cultural context is not enough, and more importantly, there are fewer contrastive studies on English and Chinese compliment responses, which is the main motivation of this study. Based on speech act theory and politeness theory, this thesis aims to carry out a cross-cultural contrastive analysis of compliment responses in both Chinese and American languages by means of contrastive analysis. This study uses the questionnaire method to collect receipts, and the design of the questionnaire refers to Beebe et al.. The model of text completion Test (DCT) was adopted by some scholars, and some modifications were made. In this paper, eight scenarios are designed, each of which describes different topics, including appearance, personality, achievement ability and possession. Forty native speakers of Chinese and 20 native speakers of American language were selected from different gender, age, education and professional background. The subjects were asked to write out their native language compliment responses according to their daily routine speech. Through the data collected by the questionnaire, quantitative analysis was carried out with the chi-square test of SPSS. In addition, the influence of social factors, that is, gender, age and educational level, on the choice of syllable strategies was also measured by Spelman correlation coefficient. The results show that: 1) in terms of the frequency of use of compliment response strategies, the choice of strategies in American English and Chinese is similar to that in Chinese. 2) Cultural and social factors affect people's choice of compliment response strategies. This analysis also shows that politeness strategies in communication are deeply influenced by different cultural stereotypes and interpersonal orientation. The specific differences between Chinese and American compliment response strategies fully reflect the differences between Chinese and American cultures. The understanding of these cultural differences will help people to effectively improve the ability of intercultural communication, especially the ability to give and receive compliments properly in the context of intercultural communication. The contrastive study of compliment response between China and the United States has important implications for English teaching and Chinese as a foreign language teaching in China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H13;H313

【引证文献】