越南本土汉语教材研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 19:53

本文选题：越南 + 汉语教材　；参考：《中央民族大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：越南汉语教学历史源远流长,教学形式丰富多样,然而越南本土汉语教材研发未能满足全国日益增长的汉语学习需求。越南相关部门曾经意识到本土汉语教材问题的重要性,并且积极针对越南学习者研发了汉语教材,最有代表性的是普通教育用的《汉语》教材系列。此外,民间汉语学者也针对不同领域编写了一些本土汉语教材,但由于前期基础性研究不足和相关理论研究匮乏,使得多数编写出的本土汉语教材质量不高、缺乏针对性,教材无法发挥本土效果。因此,大多汉语教学单位都使用中国大陆、台湾、香港的汉语教材作为正式教材,其中大多引用北京大学、北京语言大学出版的对外汉语教材。面对越南本土汉语教材严重缺乏的现状,目前越南汉语教学的当务之急就是要研发针对越南国情及文化、面向越南学习者的实用本土汉语教材。本文把越南人编写的本土汉语教材作为研究对象。现有本土汉语教材从编写组织方面来看可分为统编和自编教材两类。统编教材是由越南教育与培训部、胡志明市教育厅组织研发的教材,自编教材是越南学者个人根据社会需求自编的汉语教材。笔者将该两类教材建成越南本土汉语教材语料库作为研究资料,通过运用文献研究法、“语料库语言学”研究方法以及计量对比研究、定量分析法、定性分析法和内容分析法,对越南本土汉语教材的语言要素、课文、语法与课后练习进行综合统计与分析,找出越南本土汉语教材编写优点和局限并提出对越南本土化汉语教材研发和建设方面的建议。希望这些数据和启示能为研发越南本土化汉语教材提供一定的参考价值。本研究采取定量定性相结合的方式,研究方法以数据库研究法和全球视野比较法为主,以宏观系统分析法及文献研究法为辅。首先,使用Microsoft Access软件建立“越南本土汉语教材数据库”、“汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲数据库”、“汉语国际教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分数据库”等,之后提取相关数据,再通过SPSS统计软件将教材的各种要素如词汇、音节、汉字等数据进行统计、对比和考察。另外,按照《汉语水平等级标准与语法等级大纲》对全部教材语法项目进行分析,同时运用内容分析信度的方法和人工干预对该套教材的课文内容和练习形式进行全面分析。在数据研究结果的基础上探讨两类教材的特点及不足之处。其次,基于吴应辉教授提出的本土化汉语教材特征的观点之上,探讨越南现有本土汉语教材特点并提出越南本土汉语教材革新和建设的建议：(1)自主编写教材成熟前,越中合作是必走之路；(2)与各院校汉语培养课程接轨研发实用本土教材；(3)整顿目前教材编写放任自行现象；(4)加强语言文化对比,突出教材针对性。随后,本文通过运用全球视野比较法和宏观系统分析法探讨国际汉语本土化汉语教材研究成果对越南本土汉语教材编写的启示。国际本土汉语教材研究成果值得借鉴的有缅甸、泰国和美国本土化汉语教材研究,这些研究成果为越南今后的教材研发提供宝贵的启示和参考意义,具体是：(1)优先研发专门领域的汉语教材；(2)教材研发过程中注意“优势借入”,提高编写效率；(3)教材研发过程中接受“全方位帮扶”；(4)汉语教材编写本土视角论；(5)重视名校效应对教材的影响力。通过本文研究成果以及参考前人研究成果,本人提出越南本土汉语教材编写者必备理论,包括(1)第二语言教学理论；(2)教材编写其他相关理论。最后,本文提炼出越南汉语本土汉语教材编写的“国家外语战略主导论”是本文的创新之处。同时在该理论基础上,提出越南本土汉语教材的研发模式。本人希望通过该研究成果对越南本土汉语教材研发及汉语教学活动产生实际有效的应用价值。
[Abstract]:The history of teaching Chinese in Vietnam has a long history, and the teaching forms are rich and diverse. However, the research and development of Vietnamese native Chinese textbooks has not met the growing demand for Chinese learning. Vietnamese related departments have realized the importance of the problem of native Chinese textbooks, and actively developed Chinese textbooks for Vietnamese learners, the most representative of which is universal. In addition, the folk Chinese scholars have also written some native Chinese textbooks for different fields. However, due to the lack of basic research and lack of relevant theoretical research in the early period, the quality of the native Chinese textbooks compiled by most of them is not high and lack of pertinence, and the teaching materials can not play a local effect. Language teaching units use Chinese mainland, Taiwan and Hongkong as the formal textbooks, most of which refer to the foreign Chinese textbooks published by Peking University and Beijing Language and Culture University. Facing the serious lack of native Chinese textbooks, the urgent task of teaching Chinese in Vietnam is to develop the national conditions and culture of Vietnam. In this article, the native Chinese textbooks written by the Vietnamese are used as the research object. The existing native Chinese textbooks can be divided into two categories of unified and self compiled textbooks from the aspect of writing organization. The textbook is organized by the Ministry of education and training of Vietnam and the Education Hall of Hu Zhiming, which is made up of the teaching materials. The Vietnamese scholars personally compile Chinese textbooks according to their social needs. The author sets up the two types of textbooks in Vietnamese native Chinese textbooks as the research materials. By using the literature research method, the research method of "corpus linguistics", quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and content analysis are used in the Vietnamese native Han Dynasty. The comprehensive statistics and analysis of language elements, texts, grammar and after-school exercises are carried out to find out the advantages and limitations of the compilation of Vietnamese native Chinese textbooks and propose some suggestions for the development and construction of native Chinese Textbooks in Vietnam. I hope these data and enlightenment can provide some reference value for the development of native Chinese textbooks for Vietnam. The research adopts the method of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research method is mainly based on the database research method and the global view comparison method, with the macro system analysis method and the literature research method supplemented. First, the Microsoft Access software is used to establish the "Vietnamese native Chinese textbook database", "Chinese level vocabulary and Chinese character level syllabus database", "Han". International education uses syllabic Chinese vocabulary to divide the database, and then extracts relevant data, and then statistics, contrast and investigate the various elements of the teaching materials such as vocabulary, syllables, and Chinese characters through SPSS statistical software. In addition, the paper analyzes all the grammatical items of the textbooks according to the standard of Chinese level and the syllabus of the language law. At the same time, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the text content and practice form of the textbook by using the method of content analysis reliability and manual intervention. On the basis of the results of the data research, the characteristics and shortcomings of the two types of textbooks are discussed. Secondly, based on the viewpoint of native Chinese teaching materials proposed by Professor Wu Yinghui, the existing native Vietnam is discussed. The characteristics of Chinese teaching materials and suggestions for the innovation and construction of native Chinese teaching materials in Vietnam: (1) before the maturity of the textbook, the more cooperation is the necessary way; (2) to develop practical native textbooks with the Chinese training courses in various colleges and universities; (3) to rectify the current textbook writing and self conduct; (4) to strengthen the comparison of language and culture, and to highlight the aim of teaching materials. Then, through the use of global visual field comparison and macro system analysis, this paper explores the implications of the research achievements of the native Chinese teaching materials for international Chinese to Vietnamese native Chinese textbooks. The research achievements of the international native Chinese textbooks are worth learning from Burma, Thailand and the United States. The future teaching material research and development provide valuable inspiration and reference significance, specifically: (1) to give priority to the development of Chinese teaching materials in specialized fields; (2) pay attention to "advantage borrowing" in the course of research and development of textbooks; (3) accept "all directional help" in the course of research and development of textbooks; (4) Chinese textbooks write native perspective theory; (5) attach importance to the effect of famous schools. On the basis of the results of this study and the reference of previous research results, I put forward the necessary theories of the native Vietnamese Chinese textbook compilers, including (1) the second language teaching theory; (2) the textbook compiling other related theories. Finally, the article extracts the "national foreign language strategic dominance" of the native Chinese language textbooks for Vietnamese Chinese. At the same time, on the basis of this theory, we put forward the research and development model of native Chinese teaching materials in Vietnam, and I hope to have practical and effective application value to the research and development of native Chinese teaching materials and Chinese teaching activities in Vietnam.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H195

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