汉英祈使句对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 11:33

【摘要】： 汉英对比历史悠久,涉及范围广泛,研究成果可观。遗憾的是,有关汉英祈使句对比的研究成果却屈指可数,而这种比较对语言文化交流以及高层次的对外汉语教学尤其是高级口语教学都具有重大意义。本文立足于前人关于汉英祈使句的研究成果,以对比语言学的一般理论与方法为指导,主要从句法和语义层面上对汉英祈使句进行对比研究。在对汉英祈使句进行充分描写后,归纳出二者的共性与个性,并寻求其成因。文章主要探讨了如下几个问题:①祈使句主语的实质;②祈使句谓语的语义选择限制;③几类句法结构较为特殊的英语祈使句;④祈使句的祈使强度。全文共分为七章。第一章在对前人关于汉英祈使句的研究成果作简要回顾后,确定全文的研究目的和方法。第二章先重新界定祈使句的范畴,明确比较研究对象,然后对汉英祈使句做出了便于本文讨论的结构形式分类。第三章和第四章是文章的主体,从句法结构和谓语的语义特征入手,探寻二者的异同及产生差异的原因。首先以生成语法中的题元理论和管约论为理论依据,试图证明汉英祈使句的隐主语虽然不体现在表层结构中,但与显主语起着同样的句法和语义功能,显主语和隐主语实质上都是第二人称;接下来对汉英祈使句中动词和形容词谓语的语义特征进行了较为详尽的分析和相应的解释说明。第五章探究了几类句法结构较为特殊的英语祈使句,包括let祈使句、条件祈使句、完成体和进行体祈使句、被动态祈使句。第六章简单地归纳了汉英语中增强或减弱祈使强度的手段。第七章总结了本文的研究成果,且指出了不足之处及有待进一步研究的空间。
[Abstract]:Chinese and English contrast has a long history, involving a wide range of research results. Unfortunately, there are only a few studies on the contrast of imperative sentences between Chinese and English, which are of great significance to the communication of language and culture as well as to the high-level teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, especially in advanced oral Chinese teaching. Based on the previous researches on imperative sentences in Chinese and English, and guided by the general theories and methods of contrastive linguistics, this paper makes a contrastive study of imperative sentences in Chinese and English at the syntactic and semantic levels. After the full description of imperative sentences in Chinese and English, the generality and individuality of the two sentences are summed up, and the causes of their formation are sought. This paper mainly discusses the following questions: the essence of the subject of the 1 imperative sentence the semantic choice of the predicate of the imperative sentence limits the imperative strength of the English imperative sentence 4 which is a special type of syntactic structure. The full text is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter, after reviewing the previous researches on imperative sentences in Chinese and English, the purpose and method of the research are determined. The second chapter redefines the category of imperative sentences and makes a clear comparison of the objects of study. Then it classifies the Chinese and English imperative sentences in the form of structure which is convenient for this paper to discuss. The third and fourth chapters are the main body of the article, starting with the semantic features of syntactic structure and predicate, the similarities and differences between them and the reasons for their differences are explored. First of all, based on the theory of topic meta-theory and management reduction theory in generative grammar, this paper tries to prove that the implicit subject of imperative sentence in Chinese and English is not embodied in the surface structure, but it plays the same syntactic and semantic functions as the explicit subject. The explicit subject and the implicit subject are in essence the second person's claim. Then the semantic features of verbs and adjective predicates in Chinese and English imperative sentences are analyzed and explained in detail. Chapter five explores several English imperative sentences with special syntactic structure, including let imperative sentence, conditional imperative sentence, complete and progressive imperative sentence, and dynamic imperative sentence. Chapter six briefly summarizes the means of strengthening or weakening imperative strength in Chinglish. The seventh chapter summarizes the research results, and points out the shortcomings and the space for further study.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146.2

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