“是……的”句的分类及其在对外汉语教材中的分布研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 20:59

【摘要】：“是……的”句为现代汉语中的常用句型,因其灵活性和多变性,相关研究一直存有争论,且外国留学生在使用该句型时表现出了普遍性的偏误。笔者试图从语义的角度,对“是……的”句进行分类研究,以解决其教学难、偏误多的问题。目前学界一般依据“焦点理论”认为“是……的”句为强调句,但首先“是……的”与英语中的强调格式不同,是常见口语句式,其次“是……的”句也不能还原成一般的非强调句格式,最后不能依据句子中有焦点就判定句子是强调句。在口语谈论中“是……的”句像一种灵活的装置对目标信息做出确认和说明。因此,笔者提出“是……的”句为判断句,而且属于非等同判断句,并从判断的目的、成分间的语义关系以及“是”的省略三个方面论证此种分类的合理性。通过对“是……的”句的四种相关结论进行再讨论,笔者总结出“是……的”句使用的四种情况,判断已然事件、判断动作状态和判断一般事实真理、判断未然情况,学者们一般只考虑到判断已然事件这一部分,但笔者发现,不论从语法结构还是语义语用角度分析,都应该认定“他是早上去的公园”和“他一般是早上去公园的”为同一句式。笔者通过语料库提取大量真实的语料,采用变换分析法等对该句型进行定性分析。从语义关系的角度,依据判断的目标信息的不同,将“是……的”句分为身份信息判断和动作信息判断。根据判定的信息类型不同,将身份信息判断分为了判断所属、属性、类别、功能、用途、来源、方式、时间信息、处所信息、施事、需求及计划、原因等十二种情况。根据判断句的时体信息,将动作信息判断分为了三类:已然动作的信息判断、一般动作的信息判断、未然动作的信息判断。通过收集目前主流的汉语书和汉语大纲,在分析“是……的“句的分布后,笔者提出将“是……的”句定为判断句、区分动作信息判断句与身份信息判断句、使用提问法教学,在讲解身份判断句中,先讲解“是……的”结构内部,由名词性、形容词性成分充当主要句法成分的句子,之后再讲解含有谓词性成分的判断句等观点。
[Abstract]:"Yes. Because of its flexibility and variability, related studies have been controversial, and foreign students in the use of this sentence pattern has shown a general bias. From the semantic point of view, the author tries to "Yes." In order to solve the problem that teaching is difficult and errors are many. At present, the academic circle generally thinks "yes" according to "focus theory". "the sentence is an emphatic sentence, but first" is. Different from the emphasis format in English, it is a common spoken sentence pattern, followed by. The sentence can not be reduced to a normal non-stressed sentence format, and the sentence can not be judged as an emphatic sentence on the basis of the focus of the sentence. In colloquial conversation, yes. The sentence is like a flexible device to confirm and explain the target information. Therefore, the author puts forward "Yes." The "sentence" is a judgment sentence and belongs to a non-equivalent judgment sentence. The rationality of this classification is demonstrated from three aspects: the purpose of judgment, the semantic relationship between components and the omission of "yes". Through the "yes". The four relevant conclusions of the sentence are discussed again, and the author concludes that. In the four cases used in the sentence, judging the event, judging the state of action, judging the truth of the general fact, judging the situation before it, scholars generally only consider the part of judging the event, but the author finds that, From the perspective of grammatical structure and semantics and pragmatics, we should regard "he went to the park in the morning" as the same sentence as "he generally went to the park in the morning". In this paper, a large number of real data are extracted from the corpus, and the qualitative analysis of the sentence pattern is carried out by means of transformation analysis. From the point of view of semantic relation, according to the difference of the target information, it will be. The sentence is divided into identity information judgment and action information judgment. According to the different types of information, the judgment of identity information is divided into 12 situations, such as the judgment belongs, attributes, categories, functions, uses, sources, methods, time information, local information, agency, needs and plans, reasons and so on. According to the temporal and aspect information of the sentence, the judgment of action information is divided into three categories: the information judgment of the existing action, the information judgment of the general action, and the information judgment of the preemptive action. Through the collection of current mainstream Chinese books and Chinese syllabuses, the analysis is. After the distribution of the sentence, the author proposes that the "will" be. The sentence is divided into action information judgment sentence and identity information judgment sentence, teaching with questioning method, explaining "first" in explaining identity judgment sentence. Within the structure, a sentence with nominal and adjective elements acting as the main syntactic component, and then explaining the judgment sentence with predicate elements, etc.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.4

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