对外汉语“黑”“白”颜色词教学

发布时间：2018-08-12 11:00

【摘要】：近年来，随着汉语学习热潮的不断高涨，对外汉语事业飞速发展。留学生学习汉语的过程，其实也是学习、接受中国文化的过程，所以在对外汉语教学中，语言教学必须与文化教学紧密结合。颜色词是一个相对独立并具有特殊功能的词汇系统，它反映着一个民族的历史文化、思维方式和民族心理。由于人类在视觉感官上有着共同的生理基础，所以同样的颜色，会给人们带来相似的心理感受；但是因为各国文化背景的不同，同样的颜色在不同国家会拥有不同的文化内涵，使人们产生不同的联想。考察学习者对汉语颜色词的学习应用情况，不仅有利于对外汉语的词汇教学，也对文化教学有一定的帮助。本文主要运用了文献资料分析法、问卷调查法、统计分析法、对比分析法。以日本、韩国、泰国的留学生为研究对象，调查留学生对颜色词“黑”“白”的理解和应用情况，，统计调查结果。本文共分四个部分。第一部分是绪论，主要介绍了研究背景、意义、内容、范围和方法，以及国内学者关于颜色词的研究现状，尤其是对外汉语颜色词教学的研究成果。第二部分介绍了什么是颜色词，阐述了颜色词和文化的关系，并在收集和查阅大量资料的基础上，概述“黑”“白”这两个比较有代表性的基本颜色词在汉语、日语、汉语、泰语中的主要意义。第三部分考察了日韩泰三国学习者对汉语基本颜色词的掌握情况，对调查结果进行分析后总结了留学生在学习应用颜色词时产生的偏误的原因主要有文化差异、颜色词词义的动态性、母语的负迁移和学习者心理上有排斥这四个方面。最后一个部分针对产生偏误的原因提出相应的教学策略。教师课前一定要对学习者的汉语水平、文化背景进行了解，选择合适的教学内容和教学方法。同时要给颜色词建立一个网络化的意义体系，文化差异和文化共性并重，在生动的语境下讲解颜色词的意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the upsurge of Chinese learning, the cause of Chinese as a foreign language has developed rapidly. The process of learning Chinese for foreign students is actually a process of learning and accepting Chinese culture, so language teaching must be closely combined with culture teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Color word is a relatively independent and special function lexical system, which reflects a nation's history and culture, mode of thinking and national psychology. Because human beings share the same physiological basis in their visual senses, the same color will bring people similar psychological feelings; but because of the cultural background of different countries, the same color will have different cultural connotations in different countries. Make people have different associations. To investigate the application of Chinese color words to learners is not only beneficial to vocabulary teaching, but also helpful to culture teaching. This article mainly uses the literature analysis method, the questionnaire survey method, the statistical analysis method, the contrast analysis method. This paper investigates the understanding and application of the color word "black" and "white" among the foreign students in Japan, Korea and Thailand. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the research background, significance, content, scope and methods, as well as the current situation of domestic scholars on color words, especially the research results of teaching Chinese color words as a foreign language. The second part introduces what color words are, expounds the relationship between color words and culture, and on the basis of collecting and consulting a lot of data, summarizes the two representative basic color words "black" and "white" in Chinese, Japanese, Chinese, etc. The main meaning of Thai. The third part investigates the learners' mastery of Chinese basic color words in Japan, Korea and Thailand. After analyzing the results of the investigation, the author concludes that the main reasons for the errors in the use of color words by foreign students are cultural differences. The dynamic meaning of color words, the negative transfer of native language and the psychological exclusion of learners. The last part puts forward the corresponding teaching strategies for the causes of errors. The teacher must understand the learners' Chinese level and cultural background before class and choose the appropriate teaching content and teaching method. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a network meaning system for color words, pay equal attention to cultural differences and cultural commonalities, and explain the meaning of color words in vivid context.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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