外国人学汉语的语用失误

发布时间：2018-08-12 12:00

【摘要】：正1.对外汉语教学的新课题历来的对外汉语教学,内容基本上只包括语音、语法、词汇、汉字读写等语言项目。近几年来,不少人又提出语言教学应与文化结合起来,从理论上把对外汉语教学推进了一步。但通过对教学实际的考察,我们发现,对外汉语教学还缺乏两项重要的内容——语用和篇章。也就是说,应该把语用学和篇章语言学的研究成果运用到对外汉语教学中去。本文只涉及语用的问题。这是对外汉语教学的一个新课题,作为开始,我们想先从外国人学汉语在语用上的失误谈起。本文所说的“语用”是属于语用学范畴的,不是语法中三个平面的语用。语用学是语言学中的一个交叉学科。顾名思义,它研究的是语言的运用。对学习外语的人,就是要在掌握上述的语音、语法、词汇和汉字读写之外,再学会这些语言的要素是怎样在本族语人之间使用的。从教学角度看,就是要教会学习外语的人理解操该外语的本族人的语言社会文化心理习惯,并能在运用外语表达他们的思想时,也符合操该外语的本族人的社会文化心理习惯。
[Abstract]:Regular 1. The new subject of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) has always been the teaching of TCFL, which mainly includes pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, Chinese character reading and writing and other language items. In recent years, many people have proposed that language teaching should be combined with culture, which has promoted the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language theoretically. However, through the investigation of teaching practice, we find that there are still two important contents in teaching Chinese as a foreign language-pragmatics and text. In other words, pragmatics and textual linguistics should be applied to teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper deals only with pragmatic issues. This is a new topic in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The pragmatics in this paper belongs to the category of pragmatics, not the three planes of grammar. Pragmatics is a cross-discipline in linguistics. As its name implies, it studies the use of language. For those who learn a foreign language, it is necessary to learn how these elements of the language are used among native speakers, in addition to mastering the above-mentioned pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and Chinese characters. From the teaching point of view, it is necessary to teach foreign language learners to understand the language, sociocultural and psychological habits of the native people who speak the foreign language, and to be able to express their thoughts in a foreign language, and also to conform to the social and cultural psychological habits of the native people who speak the foreign language.
【作者单位】：北京语言学院出版社北京语言学院出版社

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