对外汉语综合教材“了”的考察和分析

发布时间：2018-12-29 09:18

【摘要】： 汉语普通话中的“了”是一个使用频率高、用法复杂的助词。“了”的用法有很多种,本课题所研究的“了”是指(1)表示动作完成的动态助词“了”;(2)表示对过去事情的肯定,有成句作用的语气助词“了”;(3)用在句尾表示已经发生变化的语气助词“了”;(4)表示将要发生变化的语气助词“了”。目前在语言学界和对外汉语学界,对于“了”的本体研究做的比较多,而对于“了”的教学研究,尤其是对外汉语教材研究还很薄弱。本课题正是在这样一个研究背景下,选取了具有代表性的五套对外汉语初级综合教材《实用速成汉语》、《发展汉语》、《汉语教程》、《博雅汉语》以及《汉语基础》,对其中的“了”的编写情况进行了全面系统的考察和分析,针对教材中的不足和缺点,运用相关的语言学理论和方法,以及我们自己的实践经验,提出了积极的建议和修改意见。本课题的研究对于促进对外汉语教学快速向前发展将起到积极的推动作用。全文共有四章内容: 第一章绪论,阐述了选题的缘起及意义,本课题研究现状,本文研究的问题。第二章从编排、表述、练习、复现四个方面对比了各套教材的异同及各自的优缺点,对五套初级阶段对外汉语教材中的“了”做了全面的考察和分析。通过考察我们发现,五套教材有的将“了”做了明晰的划分,有的没有;“了”的安排有的紧凑,有的松散;有些教材的中英文表述缺乏针对性,出现较多的术语、长句;有些教材的练习题量及题型都过于单薄;有些教材在复现方面做得不够。并且对这些考察结果做了简要的分析。第三章在第二章考察和分析的基础上,对对外汉语教材中助词“了”的编排、讲解、练习、复现四个方面提出建议与设想。我们认为,对外汉语教材在编排助词“了”时应该将“了”划分为动态助词“了”与语气助词“了”,注重“了”的偏误分析,并且在表述时以简洁明了为原则,避免过长过难句式,在一定范围内科学地扩充练习量及练习题型,提高“了”的复现率。第四章是结论部分,总结全文,并指出有待于进一步研究的问题。
[Abstract]:The Chinese Putonghua word "er" is an auxiliary word with high frequency and complicated usage. There are many kinds of usage of "er". The research in this subject refers to (1) the dynamic auxiliary word "has", (2) expressing the affirmation of the past, and "has" the function of the modal auxiliary. (3) used at the end of the sentence to indicate that the mood auxiliary has changed, and (4) to indicate that the mood auxiliary is about to change. At present, in the field of linguistics and Chinese as a foreign language, more researches have been done on the ontology of "already", but on the teaching of "already", especially the study of teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language is still very weak. Under such a research background, this paper selects five representative textbooks for Chinese as a foreign language: practical accelerated Chinese, developing Chinese, Chinese tutorials, Boya Chinese and basic Chinese. This paper makes a comprehensive and systematic investigation and analysis of the compilation of the book, and applies the relevant linguistic theories and methods, as well as our own practical experience, in view of the shortcomings and shortcomings in the teaching materials. Positive suggestions and amendments are put forward. The research of this topic will play a positive role in promoting the rapid development of Chinese as a foreign language teaching. There are four chapters in this paper: the first chapter introduces the origin and significance of the topic, the status quo of this research, and the problems of this paper. The second chapter compares the similarities and differences of each set of textbooks and their advantages and disadvantages from the four aspects of arrangement, presentation, practice and repetition, and makes a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the five sets of Chinese as a foreign language textbook at the primary stage. Through investigation, we find that some of the five sets of textbooks have made a clear division, some have not; some have compact arrangement, some are loose; some textbooks lack pertinence in both Chinese and English, there are more terms and long sentences; Some textbooks are too thin in the amount of exercises and the types of questions; some textbooks do not do enough in reproduction. And the results of these investigations are briefly analyzed. On the basis of the investigation and analysis of the second chapter, the third chapter puts forward some suggestions and ideas on the arrangement, explanation, practice and repetition of the auxiliary word in the teaching material of Chinese as a foreign language. In our opinion, the teaching material of Chinese as a foreign language should divide "already" into "dynamic auxiliary" and "mood auxiliary", pay attention to the error analysis of "already", and use the principle of conciseness and clarity when arranging the auxiliary word "already" in teaching material as a foreign language. To avoid the long and difficult sentence pattern, to expand the exercise quantity and exercise type scientifically in a certain range, and to improve the repetition rate. The fourth chapter is the conclusion, summarizes the full text, and points out the problems to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195.4

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