基于CDIO的民族院校大学物理实验教学研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 21:57

  本文选题：CDIO教育模式 + 大学物理实验教学　； 参考：《西北民族大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对科学技术的飞速发展和日新月异,创新精神和创新能力成为各级教育部门培养人才的首要目标,也是衡量人才能力的重要标准。21世纪各高校都以创新教育作为自己的培养目标,目的在于培养、提高学生的综合能力。如何培养学生在物理学方面既掌握扎实的理论基础,又具备娴熟的操作技能、渊博的知识和一定的创新能力,以适应融合其他学科的需求,已成为我们不可忽视的问题。物理实验作为一门验证理论的课程,越来越受到各高校的重视。民族院校中少数民族学生约占全校学生的80%以上,物理课程作为全校理工农医科学生的公共基础课,设立理论部分与实验部分,教学方式仍旧采用传统授课模式,授课过程中教师先讲解理论部分,根据教学大纲开设实验验证理论、定律,按部就班地完成教学任务。学生因为课内时间有限,跟着老师的思路,赶着记笔记、抄数据,整个教学过程缺乏独立思考,实验过程更是根据讲义条例完成,学生主观能动性得不到发挥,缺乏创造性能力。因此,我们必须对现行物理实验课程从教学内容、教学方式上进行改革。在分析了大学物理实验与CDIO工程教育模式的国内外现状、民族院校物理实验教学现有情况之后,提出将大学物理实验教学与CDIO工程教育模式相结合,在普通物理验证性实验中采用传统方法,在综合设计性实验中采用CDIO模式进行教学。文章主要以具体实验案例展开实施实验,在案例中采用了行动研究法按照计划、行动、观察与反馈的步骤观察研究学生的具体表现,学生6人一组,以实验项目驱动学生积极思考,学生拿到项目后根据具体情况分配任务,通过查阅网络文字资源、数字媒体、图书馆文献等方式搜集资料,团队之间互相分享知识到确定研究方案,实施实验过程以及到联系生活实际,将知识推广,这种模式与CDIO构思、设计、实施、运作的步骤一致,通过实验改革,学生学会了：管理带队不仅要诚实守信,合作共赢,还要学会分享知识,拓展知识面,提高学习效率。通过以项目为指导,先对问题抽象化再解决,在解决问题的过程中学生探索知识,学会与人交流沟通,锻炼了学生的语言表达能力。因此,CDIO教学模式与大学物理实验教学相结合在一定程度上有助于促进物理教学,有利于学生综合能力的提高与创造性思维的培养。
[Abstract]:In the face of the rapid development of science and technology, the spirit of innovation and the ability to innovate has become the primary goal of the education departments at all levels to train talents. It is also an important standard to measure the ability of talents. In the 21st century, all colleges and universities take innovative education as their own training goal, the purpose is to cultivate and improve the comprehensive ability of students. How to train the students to master the solid theoretical foundation, the skilled operation skill, the profound knowledge and the certain innovation ability in physics, has become the question which cannot be ignored by us. As a course of verifying theory, physics experiment is paid more and more attention by colleges and universities. The ethnic minority students account for more than 80% of the students in the universities for nationalities. As a public basic course for the students of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, the course of physics has set up the theoretical part and the experimental part, and the teaching method still adopts the traditional teaching mode. In the course of teaching, the teacher explains the theory part first, and sets up experiments to verify the theory and law according to the syllabus, and completes the teaching task step by step. Because of the limited time in the class, students follow the teacher's thinking, take notes and copy the data. The whole teaching process lacks independent thinking. The experimental process is completed in accordance with the handout regulations, and the students' subjective initiative is not brought into play. Lack of creative ability. Therefore, we must reform the current physics experiment course from the teaching content and teaching method. After analyzing the present situation of college physics experiment and CDIO engineering education mode at home and abroad, and the present situation of physics experiment teaching in national universities, this paper proposes to combine college physics experiment teaching with CDIO engineering education mode. The traditional method is used in the general physical verification experiment and the CDIO mode is used in the comprehensive design experiment. The article mainly carries out the experiment with concrete experimental cases. In the case, the action research method is used to observe the concrete performance of the students according to the steps of plan, action, observation and feedback. The students are divided into six groups. The experimental projects drive students to think positively. After they get the project, the students assign tasks according to the specific conditions, and collect information by consulting the network text resources, digital media, library documents, and so on. Teams share knowledge with each other to determine research programs, implement the experimental process, and connect to the realities of life. This model is consistent with the steps taken by CDIO to conceptualize, design, implement, and operate, through experimental reform. Students learn: management team not only honest and trustworthy, win-win cooperation, but also learn to share knowledge, expand knowledge, improve learning efficiency. Under the guidance of the project, the problem is abstracted and then solved. In the process of solving the problem, the students explore knowledge, learn to communicate with others, and exercise the students' language expression ability. Therefore, the combination of CDIO teaching mode and college physics experiment teaching can help to promote physics teaching, improve students' comprehensive ability and cultivate creative thinking to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G642;O4-4
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本文编号：1916380