梁启超新民思想对培育大学生理想人格的启示

发布时间：2018-07-25 20:32

【摘要】：我国要实现社会经济的突破性发展,需要有更多的品学兼优、能力出众的高级应用型人才为之努力。大学生作为高等教育的受众群体,必然要做好迎接社会急剧变化发展的准备。在适应社会方面,大学生除了要有良好的综合能力之外,还需要理想的人格。而随着社会的快速转型,一些人的心理状态容易受外界的干扰而失衡,人格的扭曲、变态等严峻的现实,迫切需要我们重新认识大学生理想人格的现状和重要性。梁启超是我国近代杰出的资产阶级启蒙思想家,他为了挽救民族危机,解决国家所处的不利局面,在思想领域中为国民的生存与发展,为国家的繁荣与昌盛指明了一条道路。在他发表的长篇著作《新民说》中,嬉笑怒骂,一针见血地揭露百年不变的国民劣根性,这对在几千年封建文化制度影响下的中国是一次巨大的冲击,让沉睡已久的国民对传统的人格进行了反思。基于“要强盛中国,先要强大中国青年的”理念,梁启超在自己的著作《新民说》中系统地提出了要塑造以“新民”为标准的人格理想和社会价值观。国家要抵御外强,摆脱危机,需要提升全人民的道德水准、文化程度和办事能力,需要让国民振衰起敝,在困境中彰显顽强拼搏、自强不息的国民精神。其中所倡导的利群、公德、进取、自由和尚武的精神,对新时期我国大学生的人格养成有着重要的启示。社会的快速变革要求必须要有与相适应的人格发展。而大学生作为社会主义现代化事业建设的主要力量,要在人格上建立起自身的优势。目前,不少大学生的人格存在缺陷,产生的原因是多方面的。为了能够更快适应社会的发展,大学生理想人格的培育显得很有必要。通过借鉴梁启超新民思想一方面可以为培育大学生理想人格提供理论依据,另一方面也能从中获取有效措施,为推进高校的育人工作奠定良好的基础。本文以梁启超的新民思想为依托,着重挖掘“新民”人格思想对培育大学生理想人格的现代意义。梁启超论述的新民问题和当下高校对大学生人格的培育问题之间有着紧密的联系,都是为了解决青年在面对道德冲突和价值困惑时出现的理想信念缺失、人际关系失衡、爱国意识淡薄、缺乏进取精神和独立自主能力弱等人格缺陷问题,都是着眼于国家和民族的未来。梁启超在其人格思想中加入了许多现代因素,不仅在道德方面强调个体道德品质对社会的重要性,而且在提升国民整体素质方面要以国家主义为导向,其超越时代的前瞻性为我们国家的人格教育起到了启发和指导作用。即学习优秀传统文化,引导大学生崇尚精神追求;增强群体意识,强化大学生的历史担当;提高树立民族危机意识,激发大学生的爱国情怀;培养进取精神,提升大学生的创新能力。
[Abstract]:In order to realize the breakthrough development of social economy, China needs more advanced applied talents with excellent academic qualities and outstanding abilities. As the audience of higher education, college students must prepare for the rapid development of society. In the aspect of adapting to the society, college students should not only have good comprehensive ability, but also need ideal personality. With the rapid social transformation, some people's psychological state is easily disturbed by the outside world and imbalance, personality distortion, metamorphosis and other severe reality, it is urgent for us to re-understand the status quo and importance of college students' ideal personality. Liang Qichao is an outstanding bourgeois enlightenment thinker in modern China. In order to save the national crisis and solve the unfavorable situation of the country, Liang Qichao has pointed out a way for the nation's prosperity and prosperity in the ideological field. In his long book, "the Theory of the New people", he laughs and scold, exposing squarely the unchanging nature of the nation's inferiority, which is a huge impact on China under the influence of the feudal cultural system for thousands of years. Let the long-asleep people reflect on the traditional personality. Based on the idea of "strengthening China and strengthening Chinese youth first", Liang Qichao systematically puts forward the idea of shaping personality ideal and social values based on "Xinmin" in his book "Xinmin Theory". In order to resist the external strength and get rid of the crisis, the country needs to improve the moral standard, the education level and the ability to handle affairs of the whole people. Among them, the spirit of interest, public morality, enterprising, freedom and martial arts has important enlightenment to the personality cultivation of college students in the new period. The rapid transformation of society requires the development of suitable personality. College students, as the main force in the construction of socialist modernization, should establish their own advantages in personality. At present, the personality of many college students has defects, the reasons are various. In order to adapt to the development of society more quickly, it is necessary to cultivate the ideal personality of college students. On the one hand, it can provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of college students' ideal personality, on the other hand, it can also obtain effective measures, and lay a good foundation for promoting the work of educating people in colleges and universities. Based on Liang Qichao's thought of Xinmin, this paper focuses on the modern significance of Xinmin's personality thought in cultivating college students' ideal personality. There is a close connection between the problem of new people discussed by Liang Qichao and the cultivation of college students' personality in order to solve the lack of ideal and belief and the imbalance of interpersonal relationship in the face of moral conflict and value confusion. Lack of patriotic consciousness, lack of enterprising spirit and weak ability of independence and other personality defects are focused on the future of the country and nation. Liang Qichao added many modern factors to his personality thought, which not only emphasized the importance of individual moral quality to the society, but also guided by nationalism in improving the overall quality of the nation. Its forward-looking beyond the times for our country's personality education has played a role in inspiration and guidance. That is, learning excellent traditional culture, guiding college students to advocate spiritual pursuit, strengthening group consciousness, strengthening college students' historical responsibility, raising awareness of national crisis, arousing patriotic feelings of college students, cultivating enterprising spirit, Improve the innovative ability of college students.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G641

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