斯坦福大学的崛起研究（1945-1970）

发布时间：2018-09-13 16:34

【摘要】：21世纪是我国高等教育发展的关键期。如何创建世界一流大学,成为当前我国高等教育发展面临的重要问题。斯坦福大学自1891年建校以来经过短短130余年时间历史就发展成为世界一流大学,成为了可以与美国东部老牌名校抗衡的西部之星,被誉为美国西部之“哈佛”。而事实上,在半个世纪以前,斯坦福大学还是只是美国西部一所比较优秀的地方性大学。直到60年代末期,斯坦福大学才出现在美国“十佳”大学的名单中。探寻斯坦福大学从创始、发展到崛起的辉煌历程,重点分析了在冷战的时期,斯坦福大学如何抓住了冷战中参与军事技术研究的契机,进而在短短的20余年间迅速崛起,以及其根据自身资源优势,因地制宜,进行大胆的探索和革新,寻找到一条适合自身发展的道路,一跃成为了美国的一流的大学。本文希望通过对于斯坦福大学冷战时期的迅速崛起因素分析,找到有助于我国高等教育发展的内外因素,特别是有助于我国高校在发展过程中形成自身特色,为我国早日建成世界一流大学提供有益的借鉴与启示。论文共分五个部分:第一部分:引言。本部分主要包括对本论文的问题提出、研究意义、核心概念界定和解析、文献综述、已有研究不足与本研究特色以及对研究方法的相关阐释。第二部分:主要对斯坦福大学的发展阶段进行了简单的梳理,目前来看斯坦福大学经历了以下几个阶段:建立与初步发展时期、顺势崛起时期、曲折发展时期、全面发展时期。第三部分:主要对斯坦福大学崛起的外部动因进行分析。包括冷战的历史契机:为大学提供了发展机遇;联邦科技政策的制定:为大学科研提供法律和制度保障;战后军事研究经费资助:为大学科研提供了巨额资金来源。第四部分:详细论述了斯坦福大学的的内部治理举措。主要体现在:强调学以致用的“实用主义”教育理念;提出“造就卓越塔尖计划”的发展战略;发挥地缘优势,加深校企紧密联系;主动争取国防项目,积极参加军事技术研究;大力开展创业教育。第五部分:主要通过对斯坦福大学内外部因素的研究和分析,提出了对我国创建世界一流大学的有益建议和启示。
[Abstract]:The 21 st century is the key period for the development of higher education in China. How to establish world-class universities has become an important issue in the development of higher education in China. Since it was founded in 1891, Stanford University has developed into a world-class university after a short history of more than 130 years. It has become the star of the West that can compete with the old famous schools in the eastern United States, and it is called the "Harvard" of the American West. In fact, half a century ago, Stanford was just one of the best local universities in the western United States. It was not until the late 1960 s that Stanford appeared on the list of the top ten universities in the United States. This paper explores the brilliant course of Stanford University from its founding, development to its rise, and analyzes emphatically how Stanford University grasped the opportunity to participate in the research of military technology during the Cold War, and then rose rapidly in a short period of more than 20 years. And according to its own advantages of resources, according to local conditions, to carry out bold exploration and innovation, to find a suitable way for their own development, has become a first-class university in the United States. Through the analysis of the rapid rise of Stanford University during the Cold War, this paper hopes to find out the internal and external factors that contribute to the development of higher education in China, especially to help our universities to form their own characteristics in the process of development. It provides useful reference and inspiration for our country to build up world-class universities at an early date. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part: introduction. This part mainly includes the questions of this paper, the significance of the research, the definition and analysis of the core concepts, the literature review, the lack of research and the characteristics of this study, as well as the related interpretation of the research methods. The second part: the development stage of Stanford University has been combed briefly. At present, Stanford University has experienced the following stages: the establishment and initial development period, the homeopathic rise period, the tortuous development period, the all-round development period. The third part: mainly carries on the analysis to the Stanford university rise external motive. It includes the historical opportunity of the Cold War: the development opportunity for universities; the formulation of federal science and technology policy; the provision of legal and institutional support for university research; the funding for military research after the war; the provision of huge funding sources for university scientific research. The fourth part: elaborated Stanford University's internal governance measure. It is mainly reflected in: emphasizing the "pragmatism" educational concept of applying learning to practical use; putting forward the development strategy of "bringing up the outstanding top plan"; giving full play to its geographical advantages and deepening the close ties between schools and enterprises; and taking the initiative to strive for national defense projects. Actively participate in military technology research; vigorously develop entrepreneurship education. The fifth part: through the research and analysis of the internal and external factors of Stanford University, the author puts forward some useful suggestions and enlightenment to the establishment of world-class universities in China.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G649.712

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