中国农地产权制度供给与需求分析

发布时间：2018-01-17 20:38

本文关键词：中国农地产权制度供给与需求分析　出处：《厦门大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农地产权制度作为农村的基础制度,对农村经济乃至国民经济都有着深远的影响。1978年开始实行的以家庭联产承包责任制为核心的农村土地制度改革促进了农业生产的迅速发展,然而随着社会、经济的发展,农地产权的虚置性与残缺性导致的效率和公平问题日渐突出,对现行农地产权制度进行改革的呼声也不断高涨,但对于如何改革却存在诸多争议。其实农地产权制度改革路径的决定力量在于利益集团之间的博弈,现行制度安排的巨大收益外部性培育了众多的既得利益集团,包括了中央政府、地方政府、农村基层干部和房地产商等,农地的取得成本低,而转为城市用地的预期收益高,这些利益集团共同分享了本该由“农民集体”获取的收益,由此产生了大量的社会矛盾。要解决这些问题,必须对农地产权制度进行深入分析。根据现代产权理论的观点来看,农地产权结构是多维的,它包含了一系列权利项,主要有农地的所有权、使用权、收益权和处分权等。本文将运用新制度经济学中的制度供给与需求的理论对农地产权的每一个细分领域做细致的研究。研究内容主要包括农地产权制度的供给主体分析、农地产权制度的供给现状、农地产权制度需求主体的利益需求分析以及农地产权制度变迁的困境分析。透过这些分析笔者认为在我国农地制度改革难以有效推进的原因在于土地承载的多项职能。例如国家粮食安全保障职能、地方政府财政职能等,这些职能彼此冲突导致了多元主体对农民农地权益的争夺。因此力图在农地产权制度内部完全解决问题并不太可能,农地产权制度的变革还需要其他相关联制度的变革作配套。
[Abstract]:Farmland property right system is the basic system in rural areas. In 1978, the rural land system reform with the household contract responsibility system as the core has promoted the rapid development of agricultural production. However, with the development of society and economy, the problem of efficiency and fairness caused by the hypocrisy and invalidity of farmland property right is becoming more and more prominent, and the voice of reforming the current farmland property right system is also rising. However, there are many controversies about how to reform. In fact, the decisive force of the reform path of farmland property right system lies in the game between interest groups. The huge benefit externality of the current system arrangement has cultivated many vested interest groups, including the central government, local government, rural grassroots cadres and real estate developers, and so on, and the cost of obtaining agricultural land is low. But the expected income of turning to urban land is high, these interest groups share the income which should be obtained by "farmer collective" together, thus produced a large number of social contradictions. We should solve these problems. According to the modern theory of property rights, the structure of farmland property rights is multidimensional, which contains a series of rights, mainly the ownership of agricultural land, the right to use. This paper will use the theory of institutional supply and demand in the new institutional economics to make a detailed study on each subdivision of farmland property rights. The content of the study mainly includes the analysis of the supply subject of the farmland property right system and the present situation of the supply of the farmland property right system. Through these analyses, the author thinks that the reason why the reform of farmland system in our country is difficult to carry forward effectively lies in many items of land carrying capacity. Functions. For example, national food security functions. The financial functions of local governments, which conflict with each other, lead to the struggle of multiple subjects for the rights and interests of farmers' farmland. Therefore, it is impossible to solve the problem completely within the farmland property right system. The reform of farmland property right system also needs the other related system reform.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F321.1

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