论1937—1949年通货膨胀对中国商业银行的影响

发布时间：2018-03-09 01:18

本文选题：近代中国　切入点：通货膨胀　出处：《社会科学》2017年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：通货膨胀不仅具有社会财富再分配的功能,对于经营货币资产的银行也有资源再配置的作用。1937—1949年通货膨胀,不仅使中国的存款日益向国家银行集中;更使一流商业银行的存放款能力大幅度萎缩,如果以黄金来衡量,存款实值降至不足战前2%甚至1%以下;放款能力更低于1%;存款日益活性化,资金运用捉襟见肘,金融中介、配置资源功能尽失,商业银行沦为"工商业的总账房"。为了使银行资产不被通货膨胀所无情吞噬,很多商业银行被迫转向保值经营,抗战时期保值经营的主要方式是买卖外汇、投资房地产和创办附属企业;战后保值经营范围更广,既有一定时期政策允许的黄金、外汇、股票、外国债券等买卖,也有打政策擦边球的各类投资兼投机活动。12年通货膨胀,使商业银行对中国近代金融、经济的影响力日趋式微,最后至无足轻重的地步,这是时代之不幸,也是中国金融业之悲哀!
[Abstract]:Inflation not only has the function of redistribution of social wealth, but also has the function of redistributing resources to the banks operating monetary assets. Inflation from 1937 to 1949 not only makes the deposits of China become more and more concentrated in the national bank; Moreover, the ability of the first-class commercial banks to deposit funds shrank by a large margin. If measured by gold, the real value of deposits fell below 2% or even below 1% before the war; the lending capacity was even less than 1; deposits became increasingly active, the use of funds was stretched, and financial intermediation. The allocation of resources has lost its function, and commercial banks have been reduced to "general ledger houses for industry and commerce." in order not to be ruthlessly swallowed up by inflation, many commercial banks were forced to turn to hedging operations. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the main way to maintain value was to buy and sell foreign exchange. Investment in real estate and establishment of affiliated enterprises; after the war, the scope of hedging operations was even wider, ranging from gold, foreign exchange, stocks, foreign bonds and other transactions permitted by policy for a certain period of time, to various types of investment and speculative activities with a policy of brushing the edge. 12 years of inflation, The influence of commercial banks on China's modern finance and economy is declining, and it is the misfortune of the times and the sadness of the Chinese financial industry.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院经济研究所;
【分类号】：F822.9;F832.9;K26

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