地票对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 18:37

本文选题：地票 + 城乡建设用地　；参考：《重庆工商大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国城市化水平未能匹配工业化进度，导致城乡“二元结构”矛盾激化，改革开放以来城乡收入差距呈现逐步扩大的态势，对国民经济增长的抑制作用逐渐凸显，要改变城乡收入差距扩大的现状，统筹城乡发展是出路，统筹城乡要从城市化着手，城市化的关键是农村土地制度改革。作为统筹城乡综合改革试验区，重庆获得通过地票探索农村土地制度改革的“先行先试”权，2008年12月4日重庆市农村土地交易所挂牌成立，自此，地票在全市范围内展开。在梳理相关文献及理论的基础之上着重探讨地票对城乡收入差距的影响，为了更好的理解地票如何影响城乡收入差距，首先对重庆地票及城乡收入差距现状进行梳理，认为地票影响城乡收入差距的主要机制有6种，其中农村土地资产化效应与级差地租分配效应是直接影响机制，，增长极的聚集效应、增长极的扩散效应、劳动力的转移效应、农业产业化经营效应是通过加速城市化进程的间接影响机制。接着从理论上分析认为地票对城乡收入差距产生的影响表现为：促进农村居民增收、级差地租再分配、加速城市化进程等方面，结合分析结果把地票对城乡收入差距的影响分为三个阶段：地票扩大城乡收入差距的阶段、地票缩小城乡收入差距的阶段、地票不影响城乡收入差距的阶段。随后在分析理论影响的基础之上结合案例，对重庆地票影响城乡收入差距的实际效果进行评价，重庆实践表明地票为农村非农经济发展提供资金、促进新农村建设，有利于缩小城乡收入差距，但为了抑制地票对房地产市场价格上涨的推波助澜，政府干预地票交易价格，以非市场方式发现农村建设用地价格，有损农民的利益，同时，重庆地票服务于重庆户籍制度改革，一方面，缓解“空巢老人”、“留守儿童”等社会矛盾的激化，另一方面，为提高农业劳动生产率奠定基础，从根源上促进城乡收入差距缩小。最后，得出结论及建议，虽然短期内地票对城乡收入差距的影响作用不显著甚至扩大差距，但从长远角度分析，地票能缩小城乡收入差距，认为地票要达到缩小城乡收入差距的预期效果，其未来的发展方向是进行土地发展权改造、逐步探索地票二级市场及全国范围内跨区域配置。
[Abstract]:The urbanization level of our country fails to match the progress of industrialization, which leads to the intensification of the contradiction between urban and rural "dual structure". Since the reform and opening up, the urban-rural income gap has gradually expanded, and the restraining effect on the national economic growth has gradually become prominent. In order to change the current situation of widening income gap between urban and rural areas, the way out is to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, and the key to urbanization is the reform of rural land system. As an overall urban-rural comprehensive reform experimental area, Chongqing obtained the "first trial" right to explore the reform of rural land system through land ticket. The Chongqing Rural Land Exchange was established on December 4, 2008. Since then, the land ticket has been carried out in the whole city. On the basis of combing relevant literature and theory, this paper focuses on the impact of land ticket on the urban-rural income gap. In order to better understand how land ticket affects the urban-rural income gap, the paper firstly combs the current situation of land ticket and urban-rural income gap in Chongqing. It is concluded that there are six main mechanisms for land ticket to affect the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the effects of rural land capitalization and differential land rent distribution are the direct influence mechanism, the aggregation effect of the growth pole, the diffusion effect of the growth pole and the transfer effect of labor force. The management effect of agricultural industrialization is the indirect influence mechanism through accelerating the urbanization process. Secondly, the author thinks that the influence of land ticket on urban-rural income gap is as follows: to promote rural residents' income increase, differential land rent redistribution, accelerate the process of urbanization, and so on. Combined with the analysis results, the influence of land ticket on urban-rural income gap is divided into three stages: the stage of land ticket expanding urban-rural income gap, the stage of land ticket narrowing urban-rural income gap, and the stage of land ticket not affecting the urban-rural income gap. Then based on the analysis of the theoretical impact of the case, the paper evaluates the actual effect of Chongqing land ticket on the urban-rural income gap. Chongqing practice shows that the land ticket provides funds for the development of rural non-agricultural economy and promotes the construction of new countryside. In order to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, but in order to curb the impact of land tickets on the real estate market prices, the government intervened in the price of land tickets to find the prices of rural construction land in a non-market manner, which is detrimental to the interests of farmers, and at the same time, On the one hand, Chongqing land ticket serves the reform of the household registration system in Chongqing. On the one hand, it alleviates the intensification of social contradictions such as "empty nest elderly" and "left-behind children". On the other hand, it lays the foundation for improving agricultural labor productivity. At the root, the income gap between urban and rural areas will be narrowed. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are drawn. Although the impact of short-term mainland tickets on the income gap between urban and rural areas is not significant or even widening, from a long-term point of view, land tickets can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. It is considered that the land ticket should achieve the expected effect of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, and its future development direction is to reform the land development right, and gradually explore the secondary market of the land ticket and the cross-regional allocation of the land ticket in the whole country.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F301.3

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