基于竞租理论的城市土地利用与交通一体化模型研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 07:25

本文选题：竞租理论 + 城市土地利用与交通　；参考：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：城镇化和机动化与社会经济的发展水平密切相关，直接推动城市人口和出行需求的持续快速增长，但也带来了一些负面的效应和影响，例如人口过度集聚、交通拥堵严重、环境污染加剧、社会分配不公等。目前，，城市规划和交通管理部门共同面临的问题和挑战主要包括：如何制定有效的房地产开发政策和交通发展政策以保持社会经济适度增长的同时控制城市人口和出行需求的过快增长？如何协调出行需求与交通网络容量的关系以预防或缓解城市交通拥堵？从城市土地利用与交通一体化发展的视角来看，深入了解交通需求的“源”（土地利用）与交通供给的“流”（交通网络）之间的互动作用机制，建立土地利用与交通系统的优化模型框架，全面分析、评估不同的土地利用政策与交通发展策略对系统性能产生的影响，是解决上述问题的关键。本文首先研究了城市土地利用与交通系统内不同参与者之间的决策博弈行为及其互动关系，并提出了一个开放的、可扩展的拟动态模型框架；接着，在模型框架的基础上，基于竞租理论，模拟了居民的居住选址决策和出行选择以及房地产开发商的住房供应决策，构建了整体均衡的城市土地利用与交通一体化模型；此外，利用等价的数学规划模型对解的存在性和唯一性进行了验证，给出了模型的参数估计方法和求解算法；最后探讨了该模型在寻求最优的土地利用与交通联合发展策略上的应用，提出了基于TS-DM策略的系统优化模型，研究了TS-DM策略对系统性能的影响与优化。数学推导结果表明：当出行时间价值和居住效用均相同时，交通设施改善带来的出行费用减少将导致房租（房价）的等额增加，从交通系统改善中获益的只是房地产开发商而不是居民；而当出行时间价值不同时，交通设施改善带来的出行费用减少也会导致房租（房价）的等额增加，同时，收入水平较高且出行时间价值较高的居民从交通设施的改善中获益更大。这些结果暗示了交通设施的改善可能会带来负面效应，算例分析结果也得出类似的结论：TS-DM策略对交通拥堵、居住选址、出行选择、土地利用模式等的优化均具有积极的作用，能为城市管理者把握各种政策或策略的实施效果以及在开发土地和发展交通的过程中选择最优的TS-DM策略提供有力的依据，对促进城市土地利用与交通发展的良性循环，有效预防和缓解交通拥堵的产生，促进城市可持续发展具有重要的理论意义与应用价值，同时，TS-DM策略会使消费者盈余经历一个损失的过程，其实质可能会损害某些群体的利益，给社会带来负面影响。
[Abstract]:Urbanization and motorization are closely related to the level of social and economic development, which directly promote the sustained and rapid growth of urban population and travel demand, but also bring some negative effects and effects, such as excessive population agglomeration, serious traffic congestion, The environment pollution intensifies, the society distributes unfairly and so on. At present, The common problems and challenges faced by urban planning and traffic management departments include: how to formulate effective real estate development policies and traffic development policies to maintain moderate socio-economic growth while controlling urban population and travel Excessive growth in demand? How to coordinate the relationship between travel demand and traffic network capacity to prevent or alleviate urban traffic congestion? From the perspective of the integrated development of urban land use and transportation, the interaction mechanism between the "source" of traffic demand (land use) and the "flow" of traffic supply (traffic network) is deeply understood. The key to solve the above problems is to establish an optimized model framework of land use and transportation system, to analyze comprehensively and evaluate the impact of different land use policies and traffic development strategies on the system performance. In this paper, the decision game behavior and its interaction between different participants in urban land use and traffic system are studied, and an open and extensible quasi-dynamic model framework is proposed. Based on the theory of competitive rent, this paper simulates the residential location decision and travel choice of residents and the housing supply decision of real estate developers, and constructs a balanced urban land use and transportation integration model. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are verified by using the equivalent mathematical programming model, the parameter estimation method and the solution algorithm of the model are given, and the application of the model in the joint development strategy of land use and transportation is discussed. A system optimization model based on TS-DM strategy is proposed, and the influence and optimization of TS-DM policy on system performance are studied. The mathematical results show that when the travel time value is equal to the residence utility, the reduced travel cost caused by the improvement of transportation facilities will lead to an equal increase in the rent (house price). It is real estate developers, not residents, who benefit from improvements in the transportation system; and when travel time values vary, reduced travel costs from improved transport facilities can lead to an equal increase in rents (house prices). Residents with higher incomes and higher travel time value benefit more from improved transport facilities. These results imply that the improvement of transportation facilities may bring negative effects, and a similar conclusion can be drawn from the analysis of examples that the solution of the: TS-DM strategy has a positive effect on the optimization of traffic congestion, residential location, travel choice, land use patterns, and so on. It can provide a powerful basis for city managers to grasp the implementation effect of various policies or strategies and to choose the best TS-DM strategy in the process of land development and transportation development, which can promote the benign cycle of urban land use and traffic development. Effective prevention and mitigation of traffic congestion and promotion of sustainable urban development have important theoretical significance and application value. At the same time, TS-DM strategy will make consumer surplus go through a process of loss, which may harm the interests of certain groups in essence. Have a negative impact on society.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F293.2;U12

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