建筑物钢结构桁架结构安全监测关键技术的研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 20:35

【摘要】：进入21世纪后，我国社会经济迅猛发展，房地产行业发展更为快速。北京乃至全国的新兴建筑呈现了大型化、高层化、多样化、复杂化的发展趋势。例如“鸟巢”、“水立方”、国家大剧院、天宁寺立交桥等建筑。其中建设高楼大厦不可缺少的部分是建筑物钢结构桁架，尤其是建筑物钢结构桁架发挥着不可替代的作用。目前，我国现有建筑制造单位近2000家，建筑研究设计院达到3000多家，，在用的建筑已有100余万栋，从事建筑行业工作的人员达到300多万人。进年来，建筑行业的正处于蓬勃发展之中。然而，建筑物一旦发生事故，后果往往是机毁人亡，令人触目惊心的。在我国发生的众多建筑施工安全事故中，建筑物倒塌事故所占比例超过25%，一直是重点治理的方向之一。建筑物钢结构桁架事故与故障的原因分析表明，建筑物伤害事故是由多种因素造成的，涉及设计制造，安装维护，使用，操作人员素质，外部异常载荷以及施工环境等多个环节。因此，在建筑物投入使用过程中，对其建筑物钢结构桁架进行认真的安全监测是非常必要的。本文研究的主要内容是：（1）对建筑结构安全监测状况进行了调研分析，明确了国内外建筑安全监测技术发展趋势；（2）对建筑钢结构安全监测关键技术进行了比较分析，明确了研究方案技术路线；（3）对建筑钢结构变形损伤次声发射定位方法进行了研究，研究分析了区域定位、时差定位方法原理与特点，根据监测对象结构特点，采用时差定位一维线定位方法对钢桁架结构变形损伤次声发射位置（即变形损伤位置）进行了模拟研究，效果良好；（4）建筑结构变形损伤产生次声波，同时由于各种因素作用产生噪声影响，为此对建筑钢桁架结构变形损伤次声发射检测过程噪声剔除技术进行了研究，通过对中值法、平均响应法、平均位移法和小波降噪法等进行了比较研究，根据比较结果，最后采用平均位移法对次声发射过程进行降噪效果良好；最后，搭建了建筑钢桁架结构次声检测实验系统，并开展了一定的实验研究。论文在建筑钢桁架结构变形损伤定位和声发射噪声降噪关键技术的研究方面，获得了一些有益的结论，具有一定的新见解。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21 st century, the social economy of our country develops rapidly, and the real estate industry develops more rapidly. The emerging buildings in Beijing and even the whole country present the development trend of large-scale, high-rise, diversified and complicated. For example, Bird's Nest, Water Cube, National Grand Theater, Tianning Temple overpass and other buildings. The indispensable part of building steel truss, especially the building steel truss, plays an irreplaceable role. At present, there are nearly 2000 building manufacturing units in China, more than 3000 architectural research and design institutes, more than 1 million buildings in use, and more than 3 million people working in the construction industry. In recent years, the construction industry is in a vigorous development. However, in the event of an accident, the consequences are often mechanical destruction, shocking. Among the many construction safety accidents in our country, the proportion of building collapse accidents is more than 25%, which is one of the key management directions. The analysis of the causes of the accidents and failures of steel trusses in buildings shows that the accidents of building injuries are caused by many factors, including design and manufacture, installation and maintenance, use, and quality of operators. External abnormal load and construction environment and other links. Therefore, it is very necessary to carefully monitor the safety of the steel truss of the building in the process of putting the building into use. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the status of safety monitoring of building structures has been investigated and analyzed, and the development trend of building safety monitoring technology at home and abroad has been clarified. (2) the key technologies of safety monitoring of steel structures are compared and analyzed, and the technical route of the research scheme is clarified. (3) the infrasonic emission localization method for deformation damage of building steel structure is studied, and the principle and characteristics of regional location and moveout positioning method are analyzed, according to the structural characteristics of monitoring object, The position of deformation-damage infrasonic emission (i.e. the position of deformation-damage) of steel truss structures is simulated by time-difference one-dimensional line positioning method and the results are satisfactory. (4) the infrasonic wave is produced by the deformed damage of the building structure, at the same time, the noise is affected by various factors, so the noise elimination technology in the process of detecting the deformation damage of the building steel truss structure is studied, and the median method is used. The average response method, average displacement method and wavelet denoising method are compared. According to the comparison results, the average displacement method is used to reduce the noise of infrasound emission process. Finally, an experimental system of infrasound detection for steel truss structure is built, and some experimental studies are carried out. In this paper, some useful conclusions are obtained in the research of the key technologies of deformation-damage location and acoustic emission noise reduction for steel truss structures.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU391;TU317

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