英汉虚词“And”与“和”的对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 14:17

本文关键词： 和 and 词类句法特征对比　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】："和"与"and"作为现代汉语和英语中出现频率较高的虚词,一直是语法学家研究的重点对象。前人对"和"的研究主要集中在它的词性判定,连接成分类型以及与汉语中其它同类连词的比较研究。对"and"的研究集中在它的连接成分,它在句中所表达的语义及其语用功能。然而有关这两个虚词的对比研究较少,尤其是缺乏对二者的语法功能研究。鉴于此,本文采取定量、定性研究及对比分析的方法,具体分析"and"与"和"的句法属性,包括二者的语法功能,连接成分的类型及其连接成分的句法特征,并用词类类型学的研究成果对二者在句法结构上的特点进行分析,因为语言的词类系统特征会深刻影响该语言的句法结构。本文的研究问题有三个:(1)现代汉语中的"和"的句法特征是什么?(2)现代英语中的"and"的句法特征是什么?(3)"和"与"and"的句法特征有何异同点?经过研究,我们发现"和"与"and"在语法功能上有显著差异。在介词"和"构成的介宾短语中,宾语可由名词、动词或形容词充当,这是因为它们都具有指称性,共同构成汉语的大名词。"和"所构成的介词短语在句中充当状语。当"和"为连词时,它连接的成分既可以是相同的词类也可以是不同的词类,并且其连接成分在句法功能上的特点表明了汉语词类包含的模式。然而,英语中的"and"作为连词,前后连接的成分必须词性相同,其连接的词类对应的句法功能的特点表明英语的词类呈现出分化的模式。从连接成分的句法层次来看,"and"连接功能更强,因为它不仅可以连接词、短语,还可以连接句子,而"和"一般只能连接词或短语。但"和"自身的词类特点及其连接的词类句法功能的多样性表明"和"更为灵活。二者在词类特点上表现出一种偏置关系。英语的刚性词类特点及汉语的柔性词类特点是造成汉英两种语言中词类句法功能差异的主要原因。本研究不但考察英汉虚词"and"与"和"的自身词类特点及分布特征,同时还观察了它们的前后连接成分的句法属性。本研究可以弥补前人研究的不足,为英汉虚词对比研究提供新的研究视角和范式,此外,本研究将对语言教学、汉英互译、跨文化交际等学科提供一定的参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:As a frequently occurring function word in modern Chinese and English, "he" and "and" have always been the focus of grammatical research. Previous researches on "he" are mainly focused on the determination of its part of speech. A comparative study of the types of connective components and other conjunctions in Chinese. The study of "and" focuses on its connective components. However, there are few contrastive studies on the two function words, especially on their grammatical functions. In view of this, this paper adopts quantitative analysis. Qualitative research and contrastive analysis of the method, the specific analysis of "and" and "he" syntactic attributes, including the grammatical functions of the two, the type of connective components and the syntactic characteristics of the connective components. The characteristics of the two in syntactic structure are analyzed with the research results of part of speech typology. Because the part of speech system features of the language will have a profound impact on the syntactic structure of the language. There are three questions in this study: what are the syntactic features of "he" in modern Chinese? What are the syntactic features of "and" in modern English? What are the similarities and differences between "and" and "and" in syntactic features? Through the study, we find that there are significant differences in grammatical functions between "and" and "and". In prepositions "and", objects can be used by nouns, verbs or adjectives. This is because they are all referential and together form the major nouns in Chinese. "and" prepositional phrases act as adverbials in the sentence. When "he" is a conjunct. Its connective components can be the same or different parts of speech, and the syntactic features of the connective elements indicate the patterns of Chinese speech classes. "and" in English as a conjunction, the elements before and after the connection must be the same as part of speech. The syntactic function of the connected parts of speech indicates that the English parts of speech show a pattern of differentiation. From the syntactic level of the connective components, the "and" join function is stronger because it can not only connect words. You can also connect sentences with phrases. "and" generally can only connect words or phrases. "but" and "their own characteristics of parts of speech and the diversity of the syntactic functions of the parts of speech connected to indicate" and " The rigid part of speech and the flexible part of speech in Chinese and English are the main reasons for the differences in the syntactic functions of parts of speech between Chinese and English. But a study of English and Chinese function words " The characteristics and distribution of and's own parts of speech. This study can make up for the shortcomings of previous studies and provide a new perspective and paradigm for the contrastive study of English and Chinese function words. In addition, this study will provide a new perspective for language teaching. Chinese-English translation, cross-cultural communication and other disciplines provide some reference and reference.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

【参考文献】