预设理论视角下《阿甘正传》的言语幽默分析

发布时间：2018-02-11 20:22

本文关键词： 《阿甘正传》言语幽默可撤销性合适性共识性　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：幽默研究由来已久,西方幽默研究主要运用三大传统幽默理论(优越论、释放论和乖讹论)、Raskin的脚本论、Attardo和Raskin的普通言语幽默理论。语用学兴起后,国内学者开始从语用学角度研究言语幽默产生机制。随着语言学的发展,预设得到国内外广大学者的关注。预设与言语幽默关系的研究主要集中于研究预设性质、预设的种类、预设的使用与幽默产生。经典电影《阿甘正传》中的幽默对白造就了它的成功。国内对《阿甘正传》语用学研究未涉及语用预设理论。作者试从语用预设的可撤销性、合适性和共识性分析《阿甘正传》中的言语幽默是如何产生的。本文探讨以下三个问题:1)语用预设可撤销性在《阿甘正传》中如何产生言语幽默?2)违背语用预设合适性在《阿甘正传》中如何产生言语幽默?3)违背语用预设共识性在《阿甘正传》中如何产生言语幽默?本文采用定性分析的研究方法,选取《阿甘正传》中的幽默对白作为研究语料。电影台词来源于网络,作者从中挑选出所有包含预设的幽默台词。由于幽默台词数量较多、本文篇幅有限,作者从中选取一些典型的幽默台词作为本文的研究语料。研究发现,在《阿甘正传》中,语用预设可撤销性产生幽默有两点:说者自身话语中,之后话语与之前话语产生的预设不一致;听者话语与说者话语产生的预设不相符。违背预设合适性产生幽默有三点:说者使用错误预设、听者错误理解预设;说者话语与一般逻辑、一般知识或者背景知识不一致;说者使用错误预设。违背预设共识性产生幽默有两点:说者缺乏背景知识,其话语与背景知识或具体情景语境产生的预设不一致;听者话语与说者话语产生的预设不一致。本研究的意义在于它尝试从预设理论视角分析言语幽默,这提供了新的视角来理解和赏析言语幽默。此外,这也丰富了语用预设在实际应用中的研究。同时本研究也带来一些启示,我们可以在日常交际中使用预设特征来创造幽默效果,使交际变得更加幽默,也可以在语言教学和学习中使用预设特征来促进交流的顺利进行。
[Abstract]:Humor has been studied for a long time. Western humor studies mainly use three traditional humor theories (superiority theory, release theory and incongruity theory / script theory by Attardo and Raskin). After the rise of pragmatics, there are three main theories of humor: Attardo and Raskin. With the development of linguistics, presupposition has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad. The research on the relationship between presupposition and verbal humor is mainly focused on the presupposition nature and presupposition. The use of presupposition and the production of humor. The humorous dialogue in the classic film Forrest Gump makes it a success. The pragmatic presupposition theory is not involved in the study of pragmatics in Forrest Gump. The author tries to study the revocability of pragmatic presupposition. Relevance and consensus Analysis of how verbal humor is produced in Forrest Gump. This paper explores the following three questions: 1) how to produce verbal humor in Forrest Gump by pragmatic presupposition revocability? 2) how to produce verbal humor in Gump's Biography against pragmatic presupposition appropriateness? 3) how to produce verbal humor in Gump's Biography against the consensus of pragmatic presupposition? This paper adopts the qualitative analysis method, selects the humorous dialogue in Forrest Gump as the research corpus. The movie lines come from the network, from which the author selects all the humorous lines which contain the presupposition. The author selects some typical humorous lines as the corpus of this thesis. The study finds that there are two aspects of humor in Forrest Gump: the utterance of the speaker's own utterance. There are three points in humor: the speaker uses false presupposition, the listener misunderstands presupposition, and the listener misunderstands the presupposition, and the presupposition is inconsistent with the presupposition produced by the presupposition, the presupposition is inconsistent with the presupposition, and the presupposition is inconsistent with the presupposition. The speaker's discourse is inconsistent with general logic, general knowledge, or background knowledge; the speaker uses false presuppositions. There are two points of humor generated by violating presupposition consensus: the speaker lacks background knowledge. The meaning of this study is that it tries to analyze verbal humor from the perspective of presupposition theory. This provides a new perspective for understanding and appreciating verbal humor. In addition, it enriches the study of pragmatic presupposition in practical applications. We can use presupposition features to create humorous effects in daily communication and make communication more humorous. We can also use presupposition features in language teaching and learning to promote the smooth progress of communication.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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