格言警句的普适性表达:从《论语》及其英译说起

发布时间：2018-03-03 00:24

  本文选题：《论语》　切入点：普适性　出处：《中国外语》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：《论语》中很多语句都成了格言警句,这些格言警句最大的特点是具有普适性。《论语》原文主要通过三个方面的手段表现这种普适性,一是格言警句不局限于具体的时间和地点,二是在时体特征上不作规定,三是诉诸无主句或由指类名词等充当句子的逻辑主语。由于这些语法特征,读者自然而然地将格言警句理解为超越时空的普遍真理,将逻辑主语想象成包括自己在内的任何人,进而领会其普遍适用性。英译文在表达这种普适性时采用一般现在时,不会添加表示具体时间或地点的环境成分,更多使用具有类指或泛指意义的名词或代词,较少出现逻辑主语缺省的情形。汉英两种语言在普适性表达上既有共性,也有差异,这可以追溯至两种语言的相关类型特征。
[Abstract]:Many sentences in the Analects of Confucius have become aphorisms, and the greatest characteristic of these aphorisms is their universality. The first is that aphorism is not limited to specific time and place, the second is that there is no stipulation on the tense and aspect, and the third is to resort to the logical subject of the sentence, such as without subject or by referring to nouns, etc. As a result of these grammatical features, Naturally, the reader understands aphorism as a universal truth beyond time and space, and a logical subject as anyone, including himself, to understand its universal applicability. It does not add environmental elements to indicate the specific time or place, uses more nouns or pronouns with generic or generic meanings, and there is less default of logical subject. This can be traced back to the related type characteristics of both languages.
【作者单位】： 华中师范大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“《论语》汉英对比研究的功能语言学方法”(批准号:14BYY027)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H315.9
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本文编号：1558755