评价理论视角下英语政治新闻中的态度资源分析

发布时间：2018-03-19 23:20

本文选题：评价理论　切入点：英语政治新闻语篇　出处：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为语言学的一个重要分支,语篇分析近年来呈现出朝气蓬勃、有增无减的态势。而韩礼德的系统功能语言学为语篇分析提供了良好的理论基础,成为有关语篇分析的著作中最常见的一种分析手段。系统功能语言学认为语篇包涵三大元功能,即概念功能,人际功能和语篇功能。评价理论是基于系统功能语言学中人际元功能层面上发展壮大的新词汇-语法框架,它主要考察语篇中相互协作的各种态度,包括态度、介入和级差系统。评价理论把人际系统研究从小句层拓展到语篇层,从语法层拓展到语义层,弥补了功能语言学的局限性,成为语篇分析领域中的新生宠儿。评价理论在语篇分析中的应用范围主要涉及对新闻语篇、文学语篇、学术书评、法庭询问语篇等的分析。其中对政治新闻语篇的分析主要涉及评价理论中的介入和级差资源,对态度资源的分析相对较少,态度资源的分析多见于灾难性新闻语篇中。笔者认为造成该现象的一个可能的原因是政治新闻报道要求客观,不能有太多的主观意见或态度。然而任何新闻都不可能绝对客观,因为人们在对新闻进行出版编辑时不可避免的带有先入为主的观点。针对这一现象,笔者认为政治新闻语篇中的态度资源分析具有一定的研究价值,可以通过分析其中的态度资源了解相关媒体或政府的政治立场,挖掘语篇潜在的意识形态,对政治报道有更深刻的认识。本文从四类知名报刊中(分别是《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》、《卫报》和《中国日报》)随机各选取两篇对同一事件(安倍拟访问珍珠港)不同报道的新闻语料,对其中的态度资源做详细分析并归纳统计,发现《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》中的鉴赏资源最多,分别为2.18%、2.63%,且多为积极评价;其次为判断资源,分别为1.85%、2.11%,多为积极的社会约束评价;情感资源最少,分别为0.33%、0.52%。《卫报》和《中国日报》中判断资源最多,分别为1.93%、1.63%,也以社会约束类为主;鉴赏次之,分别为1.52%、1.23%,其中《中国日报》的鉴赏资源最少,为1.23%。所有报道中的情感资源均为三类态度资源中最少的一部分。从结果不难发现,美国两大类报刊对安倍这一行为表现出赞赏的积极态度,报道中鉴赏均多于判断,卫报和中国日报则对此事件有着较中立的态度。占比最少的情感资源表明了政治新闻语篇的客观性。分析政治语篇中态度资源可以帮助人们认识一个机构或国家的政治立场,识别其在对待具体事件时是否客观公正。
[Abstract]:As an important branch of linguistics, discourse analysis has taken on a dynamic and increasing trend in recent years, while Halliday's systemic functional linguistics provides a good theoretical basis for discourse analysis. It is considered by systemic functional linguistics that discourse contains three metafunctions, namely conceptual function. Interpersonal function and textual function. Evaluation theory is a new lexical grammatical framework based on the interpersonal metafunctive level in systemic functional linguistics. It mainly examines the cooperative attitudes, including attitudes, in discourse. The theory of evaluation extends the study of interpersonal system from sentence level to discourse level, from grammatical level to semantic level, which makes up for the limitations of functional linguistics. It has become a new favorite in the field of discourse analysis. The application of evaluation theory in discourse analysis mainly involves news discourses, literary discourses, and academic book reviews. Among them, the analysis of political news discourse mainly involves the intervention and differential resources in evaluation theory, but the analysis of attitude resources is relatively less. The analysis of attitude resources is often found in disastrous news discourses. The author believes that one possible reason for this phenomenon is that political news reports require objectivity and not too many subjective opinions or attitudes. However, no news can be absolutely objective. In view of this phenomenon, the author thinks that the analysis of attitude resources in political news discourse has certain research value. We can find out the political position of the relevant media or government by analyzing the attitude resources, and excavate the potential ideology of the discourse. A deeper understanding of political reporting. This paper randomly selects two of the four well-known newspapers (the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Guardian and the China Daily) to discuss the same event (Abe intends to visit Pearl Harbor). (news data from different reports, Through detailed analysis and statistics of the attitude resources, we find that the appreciation resources in the "New York Times" and the "Washington Post" are the most, 2.18 and 2.63, respectively, and most of them are positive appraisals, followed by judgment resources. They were 1.85 and 2.11, mostly positive social constraint evaluations; the least emotional resources were 0.33 and 0.52 respectively. In the Guardian and the China Daily, the resources for judgment were 1.93 and 1.63, respectively, and were mainly in the category of social constraints; appreciation came second. 1.52 and 1.23 respectively, of which the appreciation resources of the China Daily are the least, 1.23.The emotional resources in all reports are the least of the three types of attitude resources. It is not difficult to find out from the results. The two major categories of newspapers in the United States have shown a positive attitude of praise for Abe's behavior, and in their reports, appreciation is more than judgment. The Guardian and China Daily have a more neutral attitude on the issue. The least proportion of emotional resources show the objectivity of political news discourses. The analysis of attitude resources in political discourse can help people understand the political position of an institution or a country. Identify whether they are objective and impartial in dealing with specific events.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315

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