汉英语用否定的对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 15:44

本文选题：语用否定　切入点：认知范畴　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：语用否定是语用学关注的重要内容。前人大多讨论语用否定和语义否定的区别,但直接对语用否定的研究不够系统深入,且在多方面存在分歧,包括:语用否定的总体分类、语用否定的次类划分、汉英语用否定的异同、汉英语用否定的应用等。语用否定是指在一定语境中,为适合当前需要或达到特定目的、通过特定手段而否定话语“适宜条件”来表达某种隐含或潜在的否定意义。本文在借鉴前人研究并通过语料分析的基础上,提出语用否定可分为语用前提否定和含意否定。并进一步提出,汉英语用前提否定的次类均可分为否定特指意义、否定或转移话题、出现对比重音等类型;汉英含意否定的次类均可分为对应项程度或信息增加、对应项风格或色彩不同、对应项语音或语法差异等类型。汉英语用否定既有相似又有差异。二者的相似性体现在:对应项内容增加类的汉英含意否定使用频率近似。这可能是因为汉英含意否定都具有设置悬念功能。基于认知语言学视角,汉英语用否定的共性是以言谈双方共同的认知范畴为基础的。两者的具体使用差异体现在:就语用前提否定而言,英语中特指否定使用频率比汉语的明显偏高。这可能由于以英语为母语的人表达一般更具体、更直接,所以特指否定类相对较多。在含意否定中,对应项程度增加类的汉语使用频率明显比英语高。这可能和汉英母语者文化背景差异有关。汉语本族语者通常不会完全否定一个人的话,更倾向于在言者原先内容的基础上稍作修改,这样可以更加保全对方面子。总体而言,汉英语用否定的具体使用差异源于二者不同的语言认知方式。本研究具有一定的理论和实践意义。理论上,语用否定研究能加深对前提和含意的理解,对语用学理论发展具有一定促进作用。实践中,在对外汉语教学过程中,汉英语用否定的异同分析和比较能促进教师对照讲解,有助于学生更准确理解语用否定;在汉—英翻译中,译者首先需要鉴别源语是否属于语用否定现象,若源语为语用否定,虽然此现象可翻译为其他形式,但根据翻译的忠实原则,译者需将其译为语用否定;而且,汉英语用否定现象大多可译为“A+B”结构。
[Abstract]:Pragmatic negation is an important content of pragmatic concern. Most previous discussions between pragmatic negation and semantic negation, but directly to the study of negative pragmatic not thorough enough, and there are differences in many aspects including the overall classification of pragmatic negation, subcategorization pragmatic negation, negation of the similarities and differences between Chinese English, the application of negation with Chinese and English. Pragmatic negation refers to in certain contexts, is suitable for the current needs or to achieve a specific purpose, through specific means and negative words "conditions" to express a certain meaning or implied negation potential. Based on the previous research and through data analysis, put forward the pragmatic negation can be classified as pragmatic negation the premise of negation and implication. Furthermore, a Chinese English class can be divided into negative negative premise to negative meaning, or the transfer of the subject, and other types of Chinese English contrast accent; meaning No class can be divided into corresponding degree or information increase, corresponding different style or color, corresponding voice or grammatical differences between Chinese English negative types. There are a lot of similarities and differences. The similarity of the two reflected in the corresponding content increasing class of English implicative negation use frequency this approximation. Probably because Chinese and English have implicative negation suspense. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics based on Chinese and English with negation is common to both sides of the discourse based cognitive category. The use of specific differences embodied in: pragmatic presupposition negation, negation in English usage frequency is significantly higher than Chinese. This may be due to native English speakers express general more specific, more direct, so relatively more negation. In implicative negation, the increased use of Chinese class than English. This high frequency English speakers may and different cultural backgrounds. Chinese native speakers are usually not completely negate a person, tend to be based on the original content were slightly modified, it can preserve the other face. More generally, cognitive style in two different languages of Chinese and English with the source specific negative. Has the difference some theoretical and practical significance of this study. In theory, pragmatic negation research can deepen the understanding of the premise and meaning, has a certain role in promoting the development of pragmatic theory. In practice, in the process of TCFL, Chinese and English by the analysis and comparison of similarities and differences between the negative control can promote the teacher to explain, to help students an accurate understanding of the pragmatic negation; in Chinese English translation, the translator needs to distinguish whether the source language belongs to pragmatic negation, if the source language is pragmatic negation, although this phenomenon can be translated into the other Form, but according to the principle of faithfulness of translation, the translator should translate it into pragmatic negation; moreover, most of the negative phenomena in Chinese and English can be translated into the "A+B" structure.

【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136;H313

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