原型理论对英汉多义词“头”的认知对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 22:00

本文选题：原型范畴　切入点：英汉多义词“头”　出处：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为人类语言中的一种普遍现象,一词多义一直以来备受不同流派语言学家们的关注。传统的语言学家侧重于语言内部结构的研究,忽略了语言与人类认知及其所处的客观世界的关系,因而未能抓住一词多义的本质。20世纪70年代认知语言学的出现为一词多义现象的分析提供了一个全新的视角。认知语言学家以体验哲学为基石,强调作为语言主体的人在一词多义形成发展过程中的作用,更好地诠释了各个义项之间的关系及隐藏在一词多义现象背后的认知机制,极具说服力。本文以原型理论为理论基础,以英汉多义词“头”为研究对象,以多本使用较广且极具权威性的词典为语料,采用定性定量相结合,描写解释相结合及对比研究的方法,从认知隐喻和转喻两个语义延伸的认知机制着手,深入分析跨语言“头”的各个义项在语义范畴化过程中的由来,并将其进行分类,最后对比了英汉两种不同语言中“头”词义延伸的相似性与差异性,且对造成该现象的原因进行了分析。本文的研究成果主要有以下几点。首先,一词多义不仅是语言经济原则的结果,更是人类认知范畴化和概念化的产物。一个多义词可被视为一个原型范畴,各个义项通过家族相似性联系起来。在原型范畴“头”中,各个义项的地位不均等。最原始、最典型的义项被称为原型义项,其他义项均通过隐喻和转喻机制由原型义项拓展延伸而来,因而被称为边缘义项,且抽象程度越高,越不具代表性。但无论词义如何拓展延伸,原型义项和边缘义项总是通过家族相似性联系在一起。其次,概念隐喻和转喻是英汉多义词“头”词义延伸的两种认知机制。概念隐喻主要是基于事物之间的相似性原则实现跨域映射,例如形貌相似、位置相似、功能相似和比例相似;而转喻则是基于邻近性原则和突显性原则在同一认知域内发生映射。最后,因为概念隐喻和转喻以人类经验为基础,不同民族在很多方面的体验是相同或相似的,所以多义词“头”在英汉语言中存在许多相同或类似的隐喻和转喻。然而,对隐喻和转喻的理解又在很大程度上受特定民族文化的影响,导致了英汉多义词“头”的词义延伸也存在个性差异。但是总体而言,相似性多于差异性。
[Abstract]:As a common language phenomenon, polysemy has attracted much attention of linguists from different schools. The traditional linguists focus on the internal structure of language, ignoring the relationship between language and human cognition of the objective world and the, provides a new perspective and analysis failed to seize the polysemy the essence of the.20 century in 70s of cognitive linguistics to polysemy. Cognitive linguists to experience philosophy, emphasizing the language as a subject who formed a role in the development of polysemy, a good interpretation of the relationship between these meanings and the cognitive mechanism behind the phenomenon of polysemy, very convincing force. This paper based on prototype theory as the theoretical basis, with Chinese and English polysemous words "head" as the research object, the more widely used and highly authoritative dictionary for data mining Use the qualitative description method, comparative research and interpretation of the combination, to extend from the cognitive mechanism of cognitive metaphor and metonymy two semantic, in-depth analysis of the origin of cross language "of each item of head" in the semantic category in the process, and its classification, comparison of the English and Chinese two languages the "head" meaning extension of the similarities and differences, and the causes of the phenomenon are analyzed. The research results of this paper are as follows. Firstly, polysemy is not only the result of language economy principles, is a product of human cognition category and concept of a polysemous word can be. As a prototype, the various meanings through family resemblance together. In the prototype "head", not equal status. Each item of the most original, the most typical meanings are called prototypical meanings, all other meanings through metaphor And by the metonymic mechanism prototype category extension to, so it is called the edge of meaning, and the abstract degree is higher, the less representative. But no matter how the meaning extension, prototypical meanings and fringe items always linked together with family resemblance. Secondly, conceptual metaphor and metonymy is English Polysemous Words "head" the two cognitive mechanisms of semantic extension. Conceptual metaphor is the main principle of similarity between things to achieve cross domain mapping based on, such as the similar morphology, location similarity, functional similarity and similar proportions; while metonymy is the principle of proximity and prominence principle mapping in the same cognitive domain. Based on the conceptual metaphor and finally, because metonymy based on human experience, different ethnic groups in many aspects of the experience is the same or similar, so the polysemous word "head" in English and Chinese languages have many same or similar metaphorical and metonymic however, The understanding of metaphor and metonymy is largely influenced by the specific national culture, which leads to the individual differences in the extension of meanings of English Polysemous Words. But in general, similarities are more than differences.

【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313;H136

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