自然语义元语言视域下语义基元“死”和“die”的对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 02:31

本文选题：自然语义元语言 + 语义基元　；参考：《西南石油大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：对语义的基本单位的定义是语言学家们一直在探索的问题。“定义”应有被定义的对象,也应有可以用来定义的事物。由安娜·威尔兹彼卡提出的自然语义元语言论认为世界上所有的语言都存在着共同的语义基元,一个不可再次还原的语义核心。这些语义基元可以用来定义几乎所有复杂的语义,但语义基元本身不可以再被定义。安娜·威尔兹彼卡同克里夫·戈达德一起,通过大量的实验研究,目前已找到约60个语义基元,均用英语表示,且研究的语言主要来自澳大利亚、非洲、太平洋地区、东南亚、欧洲和北美洲地区。但从已有文献看,所谓的实验法实际上仍是传统的文本分析法、自然观察法及田野调查法,鲜见用基于语料库的方法来研究。为了检验该研究成果是否适用于在世界上使用人口最多的汉语,卢植首先将语料库研究方法用于自然语义元语言研究,他对共约60个语义基元的英文表达和对应的中文表达的搭配和语义韵在自建语料库中的分布做了对比研究,但并未对搭配的具体词语和类联接做对比分析。本文借鉴卢植的研究方法,通过自建语料库,利用统计软件AntConc和SPSS17.0,从自然语义元语言的视角,对语义基元“死”和“die”进行对比研究。语料库数据来源为《人民日报》和《纽约时报》2015年一月到六月的内容。通过定性研究与定量研究相结合,本文对比分析了“死”和“die”在语料库中的整体分布、有效案例的分布、类联接的分布,以及语义韵的分布,并阐释了这些分布是否存在差异及其原因。文章首先参照信度较高的中英文词典,对“死”和“die”在语料库中出现的案例进行筛选,保留有效案例,并对其频率数据进行统计和讨论。其次,对有效案例进行分类,总结出“死”和“die”的词语搭配及类联接。并对各自的语义韵进行了分类对比。研究结果显示,“死”和“die”在语料库里的整体分布、有效案例分布及语义韵方面并无显著差异,该研究结果与卢植的研究结果一致。这可能是因为人类拥有共同的发展历史,对世界的认知包括对死亡的认知具有相似性。但研究发现,“死”和“die”在类联接类别的分布上存在显著差异。这可能源于英汉分属不同语言体系,有着不同文化背景,如两种语言之间存在静态与动态,繁复与简短等差异。本文从自然语义元语言的角度出发,验证了语义基元“die”和“死”在其自身分布和语义韵方面并无显著性差异,从而为自然语义元语言研究提供了数据支持和实证资料。
[Abstract]:The definition of the basic unit of semantics is a question which linguists have been exploring all the time. Definition should have objects that are defined and things that can be defined. The theory of natural semantic meta-lingualism put forward by An Na Wilzbika holds that all languages in the world have a common semantic primitive a semantic core that cannot be restored again. These semantic primitives can be used to define almost all complex semantics, but the semantic primitives themselves can no longer be defined. An Na Wiltzpika, together with Cliff Goddard, has found about 60 semantic primitives, all in English, through a great deal of experimental research, mostly in Australia, Africa, the Pacific, Southeast Asia. Europe and North America. However, the so-called experimental method is still the traditional text analysis method, natural observation method and field investigation method, and few of them are studied by corpus-based method. In order to test whether the research results are applicable to the most populous Chinese in the world, Lu Zhi first applied the corpus research method to the study of natural semantic meta-language. He made a comparative study on the distribution of collocation and semantic prosody of about 60 semantic primitives in English and corresponding Chinese expressions in the self-built corpus, but did not make a comparative analysis of the collocation of specific words and category joins. Based on the research method of Lu Zhi, this paper makes a comparative study of the semantic primitive "death" and "die" from the perspective of natural semantic meta-language by using the statistical software AntConc and SPSS 17.0. Corpus data are from People's Daily and the New York Times from January to June 2015. By combining qualitative and quantitative studies, this paper contrasts and analyses the overall distribution of "dead" and "die" in the corpus, the distribution of valid cases, the distribution of class join, and the distribution of semantic rhyme. Whether there are differences in these distributions and the reasons are explained. In this paper, first of all, referring to the Chinese and English dictionaries with high reliability, the cases of "death" and "die" appearing in the corpus are screened, the valid cases are retained, and the frequency data are analyzed and discussed. Secondly, the effective cases are classified, and the collocation and class connection of "death" and "die" are summarized. And their semantic rhymes are classified and compared. The results show that there is no significant difference in the overall distribution of "dead" and "die" in the corpus, the distribution of effective cases and the semantic prosody. The results of this study are consistent with those of Lu Zhi's. This may be because human beings share a common history of development, and the perception of the world, including the perception of death, is similar. However, there are significant differences in the distribution of class join classes between "dead" and "die". This may be due to the fact that English and Chinese belong to different language systems and have different cultural backgrounds such as static and dynamic complexity and brevity between the two languages. From the point of view of natural semantic meta-language, this paper verifies that there is no significant difference between semantic primitive "die" and "death" in their own distribution and semantic prosody, thus providing data support and empirical data for the study of natural semantic meta-language.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H136;H313

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