卡梅伦挽回苏格兰演讲的批评性话语分析

发布时间：2018-05-17 16:13

本文选题：卡梅伦挽回苏格兰演讲 + 批评性话语分析　；参考：《长春工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：批评性话语分析又称批评语言学,是语言学在近代发展过程中孕育出来的一个新的分支,深受社会学、心理学及认知科学的影响。因此,它不同于传统的只注重语言特点描述的语篇分析,开创了将语言特点社会语境及心理认知相结合的语篇分析新思路,旨在透过分析语篇的语言特点语篇生成的社会历史背景和语篇受众的认知来考察语言结构背后的意识形态意义,进而揭示语言、权力和意识形态之间复杂的关系。批评话语分析理论来源于韩礼德的系统功能语法和费尔克劳的三维话语观。韩礼德认为交际中的话语是说话人在语言形式和意义两方面进行选择的结果,话语形式的选择体现了说话人的交际意图。费尔克劳从话语和社会实践的关系方面来解释话语,他认为话语不单纯是语言而且是社会实践的一部分,作为社会实践的话语是由社会结构所决定的。因此,他认为话语可以从三个层面来解读,即文本、话语实践和社会实践,由此也衍生出话语分析的三个步骤:描述、阐释和说明,费尔克劳的这种话语分析方法被称为费尔克劳话语三维模式。本文作者对卡梅伦两次演讲的分析结合了费尔克劳话语三维模式和系统功能语法的相关内容。论文中对演讲的分析可分为三大部分:语言特点的描述,语篇的话语阐释,社会语境的说明。在描述部分,作者结合系统功能语法的概念功能、人际功能和篇章功能分析演讲中的语言特征如何体现卡梅伦的交际意图;在话语阐释部分,作者从认知角度阐释了话语的生产过程传播过程和接受过程;在第三部分的说明中,作者以苏格兰的历史和在英国政府统治下的现状为社会语境,来说明社会实践对话语结构的决定作用,以及语言中的意识形态是如何通过权力发挥作用。通过分析演讲词,作者发现演讲者在组织语言过程中通过语言策略的运用和语言形式的选择成功地传递了意识形态达到了说服听众的效果。卡梅伦的演讲词中多使用及物性中的物质过程和关系过程,表面上客观实则暗含演讲者的态度;词汇分类将卡梅伦的态度更加明确;语气、情态词和人称代词的选择拉近了演讲者和听众的距离,降低听众的心理防备;主位-述位的选择揭示了演讲者意欲强调的重点。此外,对演讲的认知语境分析解释了卡梅伦在语篇布局上的策略及起到的意识形态传播效果。政治语篇中语言的意识形态通过语言策略的运用不易被察觉,因而读者在今后的阅读中应培养批判性思维,以明确说话人的真实意图和其意欲传递的意识形态。
[Abstract]:Critical discourse Analysis (CDA), also called critical Linguistics, is a new branch of linguistics in the process of modern development, which is deeply influenced by sociology, psychology and cognitive science. Therefore, it is different from the traditional discourse analysis, which only focuses on the description of language characteristics. The new way of discourse analysis, which combines social context and psychological cognition, aims to analyze the linguistic characteristics of discourse. The social and historical background of discourse formation and the cognition of the text audience are used to examine the ideological meaning behind the language structure, thus revealing the complex relationship among language, power and ideology. The critical discourse analysis theory comes from Halliday's systemic functional grammar and Fairclaw's three-dimensional discourse view. Halliday believes that utterance in communication is the result of the speaker's choice of language form and meaning, and the choice of discourse form reflects the speaker's communicative intention. Falcrow explains discourse from the point of view of the relationship between discourse and social practice. He believes that discourse is not only a language but also a part of social practice. As a social practice discourse is determined by the social structure. Therefore, he thinks that discourse can be interpreted from three aspects, namely text, discourse practice and social practice, which also give rise to the three steps of discourse analysis: description, interpretation and explanation. This method of discourse analysis is called the three-dimensional model of Fairclaw discourse. The author's analysis of Cameron's two speeches combines the three-dimensional model of Fairclaw discourse with the relevant contents of systemic functional grammar. The analysis of speech can be divided into three parts: description of language characteristics, discourse interpretation of discourse and explanation of social context. In the description part, the author analyzes how the linguistic features of the speech reflect Cameron's communicative intention with the conceptual function of systemic functional grammar, interpersonal function and textual function. The author explains the productive process of discourse from a cognitive perspective. In the third part, the author takes the history of Scotland and the present situation under the British government as the social context to illustrate the decisive effect of social practice on the discourse structure. And how ideology in language works through power. By analyzing the speech, the author finds that the speaker successfully conveys ideology to convince the audience through the use of language strategy and the choice of language form in the process of organizing language. Cameron's speech in the use of the material process and the physical nature of the process of relations, on the surface of the objective implication of the speaker's attitude; vocabulary classification will make Cameron's attitude more clear; tone, The choice of modal words and personal pronouns draws the distance between the speaker and the audience, and reduces the psychological defense of the audience, while the choice of the theme and the theme reveals the emphases of the speaker's intention. In addition, the cognitive contextual analysis of the speech explains Cameron's strategy in discourse layout and its ideological communication effect. The ideology of language in political discourse is difficult to detect through the use of language strategies, so readers should cultivate critical thinking in reading in the future in order to clarify the real intention of the speaker and the ideology he intends to convey.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H315

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