基于原型理论对《红字》中英语一般过去时的研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 19:57

本文选题：英语一般过去时 + 原型理论　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：英语时是一个重要的语法范畴,也是语言学家和语法学家们研究的主要对象之一。我们都知道时是用来表示时间区别的动词语法范畴,即可以用来区别时间。英语时,特别是一般过去时,作为一种时态范畴,并不仅仅表示过去发生的动作或状态,它还可以用来表示虚拟语气和礼貌用法。结构主义的代表乔姆斯基以及功能派的代表韩礼德都是从用法或者结构上对英语过去时作阐释,对于英语一般过去时特点的研究则开辟了另一方向,这也是该论文选题的出发点。原型理论是认知语言学研究中的重要理论之一,根据原型理论,范畴都是围绕一个原型构成的,判断某物体是否归入某范畴是看它与其原型之间是否具有足够的家族相似性。一般过去时的事件用法、状态用法、习惯用法以及虚拟语气和礼貌用法都具有家族相似性,它们所指的动作发生的时间都与参照点之间有一定的距离关系。本文尝试从认知语言学的角度,以霍桑的小说《红字》作为研究的语料,以原型理论作为理论框架,采用定性分析与语料库方法相结合的方式来进行研究。本文包括五个章节。第一章关于本论文的研究背景,研究意义以及论文的整体框架。第二章文献综述包括三部分:时态、国内外对英语过去时态的研究和《红字》的不同研究简介。第三章介绍了本文的理论基础和研究方法,指出了研究问题、数据收集和数据分析。第四章指出了以下研究问题:(1)英语一般过去时用法在小说中的使用类型及其比率是什么?(2)从原型理论视角来看一般过去时用法在小说中的特点是什么?(3)从原型理论视角来看英语一般过去时用法对于小说人物刻画的效果是什么?最后第五章是关于研究发现,研究局限及对未来研究的建议。一般过去时有五种用法,分别是事件用法,状态用法,习惯性用法,虚拟语气和礼貌用语。英语一般过去时的用法可分为原型用法和非原型用法。对于英语一般过去时对人物刻画的影响,原型用法刻画了人物的经历、社会地位及教育背景,而非原型用法刻画了人物的内心世界。
[Abstract]:English is an important grammatical category, and is also one of the main research objects of linguists and grammars. We all know that time is used to express the grammatical category of time difference, that can be used to distinguish time. As a category of tense, English tense, especially the general past tense, not only represents the action or state that happened in the past, but also can be used to express the subjunctive mood and politeness. Chomsky, the representative of structuralism, and Halliday, the representative of the functional school, explain the past tense of English in terms of usage or structure, while the study of the characteristics of the general past in English opens up another direction. This is also the starting point of this thesis. Prototype theory is one of the most important theories in cognitive linguistics. According to prototype theory, categories are constructed around a prototype. Judging whether an object belongs to a category depends on whether there is enough family similarity between it and its prototype. The event usage, state usage, idiom usage, subjunctive mood usage and politeness usage of the past tense all have family similarity, and the time of the action they refer to has a certain distance with the reference point. This paper attempts to use Hawthorne's novel the Scarlet letter as the corpus and prototype theory as the theoretical framework from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. This paper includes five chapters. The first chapter is about the research background, significance and the whole frame of the thesis. The second chapter consists of three parts: tenses, researches on English past tense at home and abroad and a brief introduction of different researches on the Scarlet letter. The third chapter introduces the theoretical basis and research methods, points out the research problems, data collection and data analysis. The fourth chapter points out the following research question: 1) what are the types and ratios of the use of the English general past tense in the novel? (2) from the perspective of prototype theory, what are the characteristics of the general past tense usage in the novel? (3) from the archetypal theory, we can see the characteristics of the general past tense usage in the novel from the perspective of archetypal theory. From the Perspective of English, what is the effect of English past usage on the portrayal of novel characters? Finally, the fifth chapter is about the research findings, research limitations and suggestions for future research. There are five usages in the past, namely event usage, state usage, habitual usage, subjunctive mood and politeness. English past tense can be divided into archetypal and non-archetypal usage. As to the influence of the English past tense on the characterization of characters, archetypal usage depicts the experience, social status and educational background of the characters, but not the archetypal usage of the inner world of the characters.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H314

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