外语水平与中国青少年抑制能力的关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:08

本文选题：双语学习 + 抑制控制　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：双语者是否存在抑制控制优势是近年来双语认知研究的一个焦点问题。一种观点认为双语学习本质上是对脑网络的重新塑造,双语者由于两种语言平行激活,需要根据环境需求,不断选择目标语言,抑制非目标语言。这种认知训练不断修饰抑制控制的脑网络,使双语者的抑制控制功能更加高效,从而发展出较强的控制能力。双语抑制控制优势也遭到部分研究者的质疑。抑制控制能力是不断动态变化的。已有争议可能与研究对象的认知发展阶段有关,因此需要从个体认知发展的角度,对比不同年龄层次的学习者的抑制控制能力随着英语学习发展的状况。基于此,本研究以中国青少年外语学习者为研究对象,通过抑制控制系列心理实验,考察从小学五年级开始学习英语到高一年级期间多个时间段内,学习者个体认知控制能力发展变化情况,回答个体抑制能力如何随第二语言能力的发展而动态变化,特别是不同年龄段的高水平英语学习者是否具有更强的认知抑制能力。研究选取我国内地某12年制学校,分为小学部,初中部和高中部。五年级、六年级、八年级及十年级四个认知发展阶段,共247名学生作为研究对象。由于四年级学生自控能力弱,无法操作本实验,所以选取了五年级和六年级的高年级学生。根据学生最近一次英语考试成绩的排名将学生划分为高水平组和低水平组。通过对学生进行问卷调查,单词测试等确定学习者的语言背景和双语水平,采用基于E-Prime软件编写的Flanker task,以被试反应时和正确率为指标,测试对学生的抑制控制能力。对比考察学习者认知控制能力发展变化的情况。实验数据分析采用SPSS17.0软件完成。结果发现不同水平青少年英语学习者的抑制控制能力随着年龄的不同而表现出不同的组间差异。其中,高水平组学习者在五年级、六年级和十年级的正确率显著高于低水平学习者。但在八年级时,不同水平组之间没有显著差异。反应时方面,五、六年级和八年级的高低水平学习者之间均没有显著差异,但十年级高水平英语学习者反应时显著快于低水平学习者。本研究结果表明,高水平青少年英语学习者的抑制控制能力总体上显著高于同一年龄阶段的低水平学习者。由于青少年正处在认知能力发展的高峰时期,这种语言学习相关的抑制控制能力差异随着学习者年龄段增加而有不同的变化轨迹,小学高年级阶段差异明显,但在初中年龄段的学生中没有呈现差异,高中阶段的差异又表现明显。本研究结果从学习者认知抑制能力发展的角度,对我国中小学双语教育的决策提供参考。
[Abstract]:Whether bilinguals have the advantage of inhibition and control is a focus of bilingual cognitive research in recent years. One view is that bilingual learning is essentially a remolding of the brain network. Because of the parallel activation of the two languages bilinguals need to choose the target language according to the needs of the environment and suppress the non-target language. This kind of cognitive training constantly modifies the brain network of inhibition control, which makes the inhibition control function of bilingual people more efficient and develops stronger control ability. The advantage of bilingual suppression control has also been questioned by some researchers. The ability to suppress control is constantly changing. The controversy may be related to the cognitive development stage of the subjects, so it is necessary to compare the inhibition and control ability of learners of different ages with the development of English learning from the perspective of individual cognitive development. Based on this, a series of suppression and control psychological experiments were conducted to investigate the period from the fifth grade of primary school to the first grade of senior high school. The development of learners' individual cognitive control ability and how the individual inhibition ability changes dynamically with the development of second language competence, especially whether high-level English learners of different ages have stronger cognitive inhibition ability. A 12-year school in mainland China is divided into primary school, junior middle school and senior high school. A total of 247 students in grade 5, grade 6, grade 8 and grade 10 were enrolled in the study. Because of the weak self-control ability of the fourth grade students can not operate this experiment, so the fifth and sixth grade senior students are selected. Students are divided into high-level and low-level groups according to their latest English test scores. The students' language background and bilingual level were determined by questionnaire, word test and so on. Flanker taskbased on E-Prime software was used to test the inhibition and control ability of the students. A comparative study was made on the development and changes of learners' cognitive control ability. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that the inhibition and control ability of adolescent EFL learners at different levels showed different groups with different ages. Among them, the correct rate of high level learners in grade 5, grade 6 and grade 10 is significantly higher than that of low level learners. But in grade 8, there was no significant difference between different level groups. In terms of response time, there was no significant difference between high and low level learners in grade 5, grade 6 and grade 8, but the response time of high level English learners in grade 10 was significantly faster than that of low level learners. The results show that the inhibition and control ability of high-level adolescents is significantly higher than that of low-level learners at the same age. As adolescents are at the peak of cognitive development, the differences in inhibition and control abilities related to language learning vary with the increase of learners' age, and there are significant differences in the higher grades of primary schools. But there is no difference among junior middle school students, and the difference in high school is obvious. From the perspective of the development of learners' cognitive inhibition ability, this study provides a reference for the decision-making of bilingual education in primary and secondary schools in China.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.41

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