《韦氏新世界大学词典》中动词同义词辨析栏研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 19:11

本文选题：《韦氏新世界大学词典》第五版 + 同义词辨析　；参考：《广东外语外贸大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：同义词辨析栏(SPs)在英语大学词典中由来已久,而且同义词辨析(SD)在大部分大学词典中占有重要地位。本文以《韦氏新世界大学词典》最新版本(WNWD-5)中的动词同义词辨析栏为研究对象,旨在探究这些动词为何要辨析、如何辨析,从而概括并构建其辨析模式,并提针对现有的不足提出初步的改进意见。首先,本文采用对比研究的方法,对比WNWD-5和其他三部完善的大学词典,以此探究WNWD-5中同义词辨析栏的特点,并通过用户视角解释该词典中相关的辨析栏情况。然后,借鉴Levin(1993年)对动词的研究,将动词同义词辨析栏中的动词进行分类,在此分类基础上选用15组同义动词进行分析。通过分析这些样本,得出被辨析动词的特点,以及辨析这些动词的原因。接着对15组辨析栏的分析发现体现同义动词差异的维度,通过这些维度可知所涉及到的意义类型,并在此基础上建立辨析模式。最后,该模式在以teach为主导词的这一组辨析栏的个案研究中得到检验,并提出辨析栏中辨析存在的不足,以及相应的改进意见。研究发现:1)WNWD-5中的同义词辨析栏有着自身的特点:它们均匀地分布于英语中三种主要的词类中,即名词、动词和形容词三类词中;每个辨析栏一般辨析四到六个同义词;WNWD-5和其他大学词典不同,辨析栏不会在栏首列出该栏所辨析的所有同义词,也没有一个专门的成分表示被辨析的词的共同语义2)辨析栏内的动词在某个义项上紧密相连,他们形成一个以主导词为原型的范畴;反映人的心理状态的动词、表达个人感受的动词、描述人类日常活动的动词,以及表达物体的自然常见的移动的动词是该词典最有可能被辨析的对象;3)同义动词主要从原因、目的、程度等不同角度展现差异,其中涉及到概念意义,以及内涵意义和社会意义三种意义类型;辨析语句中的同义词一般形成一种直线型关系、放射型关系或者是混合型关系;辨析栏中同义词的排列顺序可从频率和典型程度来考虑;文章对动词同义词辨析栏的研究结果体现在所给出的辨析模式之中,一个是针对语义差异的模式,另一个是同义信息编排的模式;模式能有效地解释以teach为主导词的辨析栏;4)词典中辨析栏缺少语义共同成分、辨析语句中属词不统一,从范畴化角度出发,是值得改进的地方,另外,从用户视角的角度来看,句子例证的比例可适当减小。本文对WNWD-5中同义动词的辨析信息的设置的研究,有利于促进该词典中辨析栏的设置,有利于用户更好地掌握同义词辨析栏内的辨析信息,丰富了同义词辨析的研究,同时有利于面向高阶学习者的同义词辨析栏的辨析栏的设置。
[Abstract]:Synonym discrimination (SPs) has a long history in English university dictionaries, and synonym discrimination (SDS) plays an important role in most college dictionaries. This paper takes the verb synonym discrimination column in the latest edition of Wechsler's New World University Dictionary (WNWD-5) as the object of study. The purpose of this study is to explore why these verbs should be differentiated and how to discriminate, so as to generalize and construct their discriminative models. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward for the improvement of the existing deficiency. Firstly, this paper uses the method of comparative study to compare WNWD-5 and three other perfect college dictionaries, so as to explore the characteristics of synonym discrimination column in WNWD-5, and to explain the related discriminative columns in WNWD-5 dictionary from the perspective of users. Then, using Levin (1993) for reference to the study of verbs, the verbs in the column of verb synonym discrimination are classified, and 15 groups of synonymous verbs are selected for analysis on the basis of this classification. By analyzing these samples, the characteristics of the verbs are analyzed, and the causes of the verbs are also analyzed. Then the analysis of 15 groups of discriminative columns reveals the dimensions of the differences of synonymous verbs, through which we can know the types of meanings involved, and then establish the discriminative model on the basis of these dimensions. Finally, the model is tested in the case study of the discriminative column with teach as the leading word, and the shortcomings of the discrimination in the discriminative column are put forward, and the corresponding suggestions for improvement are put forward. It is found that the synonym discriminating column in WNWD-5 has its own characteristics: they are evenly distributed among the three main parts of speech in English, namely nouns, verbs and adjectives; Each column generally discriminates four to six synonyms / WNWD-5, unlike other university dictionaries, which do not list all the synonyms identified in that column at the beginning of the column. There is also no specific component to indicate the common semantic meaning of the word being identified. 2) the verbs in the discriminant column are closely connected in a certain meaning. They form a category based on the dominant word; a verb that reflects the psychological state of a person. Verbs that express personal feelings, verbs that describe human daily activities, and verbs that express the natural movement of objects are the objects most likely to be identified in the dictionary. Different angles such as degree show differences, which involve three types of meaning: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning and social meaning; synonyms in discriminating sentences generally form a linear, radiative or mixed relationship. The arrangement order of synonyms in the discriminating column can be considered from the frequency and the typical degree. The other is the pattern of synonymous information arrangement, which can effectively explain the lack of semantic common elements in the discriminative column with teach as the leading word, and the disunity of the words in the discriminating sentence, which is worthy of improvement from the perspective of categorization. In addition, from the perspective of the user, the proportion of sentence examples can be reduced. In this paper, the research on the setting of discriminative information of synonymous verbs in WNWD-5 is helpful to promote the setting of discriminative columns in this dictionary, to help users better grasp the discriminative information in synonym discriminations, and to enrich the research on synonym discrimination. At the same time, it is beneficial to the setting of synonym discrimination column for higher-level learners.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

【参考文献】