中国东北地区英语学习者与美国人朗读英语祈使句的韵律特征对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 16:08

  本文选题：中国东北地区英语学习者 + 美国人　； 参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：韵律包含语调,重音以及节奏,是语言不可或缺的一部分。韵律在英语口语中也扮演着重要角色,但是长时间以来都未能得到中国英语学习者和英语教师的重视。祈使句是英语四大句型之一,在英语表达和日常交流中都占有重要地位。本文以实验语音学的方法探究了中国东北地区英语学习者和美国本族语者所读英语祈使句的韵律特征,比较了他们的异同点,并探讨了产生不同的原因。本文运用“3T”理论(调群切分、调核位置和语调类型)和AM理论(自主音段-节律理论)分析了中国英语学习者和美国人所读祈使句的韵律特征,遵循“ToBI”和“IViE”相结合的标注系统,利用“Praat”软件对语音材料进行了标注。标注数据被提取到Excel中并进一步用公式处理,最终结果通过图表显示。实验数据是来自于AESOP-CASS(中科院亚洲英语学习者语音库)的16个祈使句,这16个祈使句被划分成三种类型。实验对象一部分是来自于东北四个城市的16名英语学习者(哈尔滨,长春,沈阳和大连,每个城市2男2女),另一部分是6名美国本族语者(3男3女)。本文试图回答下列3个问题:1)中国东北地区英语学习者和本族语者所读英语祈使句的韵律特征分别是什么?2)英语学习者和美国本族语者所读祈使句的韵律特征有什么样的异同点?3)产生这种不同的原因是什么?主要发现有:1)对于调群切分,无论祈使句属于简单句还是复合句,英语学习者都将它视作两个或两个以上的语调短语。对于调核,英语学习者几乎重读了每个句子中的单词。对于语调,英语学习者每个句子都采用了不只一个的语调类型。对于调群切分,美国人通常将简单句切分成一个或两个语调短语并将附加疑问句切分成两个语调短语。对于调核,美国人的调核位置通常位于实义词中。对于语调,美国人在复合句中的调型种类较多。2)关于共同点,对于调群切分来说,英语学习者和美国本族语者都将附加疑问句中的疑问句视为一个语调短语。在划分复合句时,二者都呈现了多样的特征。对于语调,二者基本都对陈述句采用%H L%的边界调,对附加疑问句的疑问部分采用%L H%的边界调。对于附加疑问句的疑问部分,二者都采用了L*H升调。关于不同点,对于调群切分来说,美国人在切分调群的数量和类型上都少于英语学习者。对于调核,有相当一部分英语学习者视介词、定冠词和连词为调核然而很少有美国人这么做。美国人所读祈使句的调核数量也比中国东北地区英语学习者要少。对于调型,二者最大的差别就是语调类型的数量,美国人的调型数量比英语学习者少。除此之外,英语学习者的音高起伏变化更多。3)产生不同点的原因可能是汉语和英语分属的音节类型不同,语言负迁移以及老师和学生对韵律学习的忽视。希望本篇论文能对韵律特征方面的研究有所帮助,并对中国的英语教学有所启示。
[Abstract]:Rhythm, including intonation, stress and rhythm, is an integral part of language. Prosody also plays an important role in spoken English, but it has not been paid much attention by Chinese English learners and English teachers for a long time. Imperative sentence is one of the four sentence patterns in English and plays an important role in English expression and daily communication. By means of experimental phonetics, this paper explores the prosodic characteristics of English imperative sentences read by English learners in Northeast China and American native speakers, compares their similarities and differences, and probes into the causes of their differences. This paper analyzes the prosodic characteristics of imperative sentences read by Chinese English learners and Americans by using the "3T" theory (group segmentation, nucleation position and intonation type) and the AM theory (autonomous segmental-rhythm theory). According to the tagging system of "ToBI" and "IViE", the phonetic material is labeled with "Praat" software. The annotated data is extracted into Excel and processed by formula, and the final result is displayed by chart. The experimental data are 16 imperative sentences from AESOP-CASS (Asian Learners of English Learners' Corpus of Chinese Academy of Sciences), which are divided into three types. The subjects were 16 English learners from four cities in Northeast China (Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang and Dalian, 2 men and 2 women in each city) and 6 native speakers (3 men and 3 women). This paper attempts to answer the following three questions: 1) what are the prosodic characteristics of English imperative sentences read by English learners and native speakers in Northeast China? 2) the prosodic characteristics of imperative sentences read by English learners and native speakers in the United States are as follows What are the reasons for this difference? The main findings are as follows: 1) when it comes to cluster segmentation, English learners regard it as two or more intonation phrases, regardless of whether the imperative sentence is a simple sentence or a compound sentence. For tuning, English learners reread almost every word in a sentence. For intonation, English learners adopt more than one intonation type for each sentence. For cluster segmentation, Americans usually divide simple sentences into one or two intonation phrases and divide additional interrogative sentences into two intonation phrases. For check, the American check position is usually located in the literal word. For intonation, Americans have more diatonic types in complex sentences (2. 2) about common denominator, English learners and native speakers both regard questions in additional interrogative sentences as an intonation phrase. In the division of complex sentences, both of them present various characteristics. For intonation, both of them adopt the boundary tone of H L% for the declarative sentence and L H% for the interrogative part of the additional interrogative sentence. For the interrogative part of the additional interrogative sentence, both of them adopt the Leng H ascending tone. In terms of differences, Americans have fewer numbers and types of syncopation than English learners. A significant number of English learners see prepositions, definite articles and conjunctions as tongues, but few Americans do so. The number of American imperative sentences is also less than that of English learners in Northeast China. For tone types, the biggest difference is the number of intonation types, which Americans have fewer than English learners. In addition, the reasons for the differences may be the different syllable types of Chinese and English, the negative transfer of language and the neglect of prosodic learning by teachers and students. It is hoped that this thesis will be helpful to the study of prosodic characteristics and enlighten the teaching of English in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H311

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