美国电台演讲中政治委婉语的认知分析

发布时间：2018-07-08 17:36

本文选题：委婉语 + 概念隐喻　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：委婉语是一种常见的语言现象,很早以来就出现在人们的日常生活中,并在语言交际和社会生活中发挥着至关重要的作用。委婉语的研究一直受到语言学家的重视,众多学者围绕着委婉语的定义、成因、构成方式及社会功能等方面对其展开了广泛的研究,但较少关注其意义构建的方式和理据。随着认知语言学的兴起,学者们对委婉语的研究也逐渐从探讨其构成方式和语用功能上转向认知方向。但目前的大部分研究篇幅着重于在单一的、松散的文本中对委婉语的隐喻分析,缺乏对其理解机制和动态意义构建的相关探讨。本研究以认知语言学中的概念隐喻理论、概念整合理论和架构理论为理论框架,对美国电台演讲中最新的政治委婉语的理解机制和意义构建过程进行认知分析,归纳其中主要的隐喻类型,并论证架构语篇形成的背后动因。本文的语料来自于2015年6月至2016年9月间美国总统的每周电台演讲中关于政治的部分,字数约为45100词,笔者运用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法对其在概念隐喻、概念整合和架构理论的方面进行了详细分析。通过对所选语料中委婉语的研究发现:(1)概念隐喻理论和概念整合理论均对于委婉语的认知构建具有较强的阐释性。概念隐喻理论强调从源域至目标域或在单一域内的映射,概念整合理论则将委婉语研究引入了动态、开放的网络结构。(2)概念隐喻理论在跨空间的映射过程中不断凸显积极事物的源域、弱化消极事物的目标域,从而达到委婉的效果。在所选文本中,主要出现的隐喻类型有旅程隐喻、战争隐喻、建筑隐喻、方向隐喻、人体隐喻、物体隐喻以及自然隐喻等。(3)架构理论能够较为具体地阐释政治委婉语背后的认知动因。其中道路、美国梦等架构体现了人们勇于追求幸福、寻求自我发展的观念,而团结、疾病等架构则反映了社会中共情能力的重要性。当激活的架构符合人们内在的价值观念时,语篇中对应的观点才能深入人心。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is a common language phenomenon, which has appeared in people's daily life for a long time and plays an important role in language communication and social life. The study of euphemism has been paid much attention by linguists. Many scholars have carried out extensive research on euphemism in terms of its definition, cause, formation and social function, but less attention has been paid to the way and motivation of its meaning construction. With the rise of cognitive linguistics, scholars' research on euphemism has gradually shifted from exploring its composition and pragmatic functions to a cognitive direction. However, most of the current studies focus on the metaphorical analysis of euphemism in a single, loose text, and lack of relevant research on its understanding mechanism and dynamic meaning construction. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory, conceptual integration theory and framework theory in cognitive linguistics, this study makes a cognitive analysis of the understanding mechanism and meaning construction process of the latest political euphemisms in American radio speeches. The main metaphorical types are summarized and the motivation behind the formation of structural discourse is demonstrated. The corpus of this paper is from the political part of the weekly radio speech of the President of the United States from June 2015 to September 2016, which is about 45100 words. The author uses the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to analyze its conceptual metaphors. Conceptual integration and architecture theory are analyzed in detail. Through the study of euphemism in the selected corpus, it is found that: (1) Conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual integration theory have a strong explanatory effect on the cognitive construction of euphemism. Conceptual metaphor theory emphasizes mapping from source domain to target domain or within a single domain, while conceptual integration theory introduces euphemism into the dynamic. (2) Conceptual metaphor theory constantly highlights the source domain of positive things and weakens the target domain of negative things in the process of mapping across spaces, thus achieving euphemism. In the selected texts, the main types of metaphors are journey metaphors, war metaphors, architectural metaphors, directional metaphors, human body metaphors. (3) the theory of structure can explain the cognitive motivation behind political euphemism more concretely. Among them, the road, the American dream and other structures embody people's idea of pursuing happiness and self-development, while the structure of solidarity and disease reflects the importance of the ability of social communists. When the activated structure accords with people's intrinsic values, the corresponding views in the discourse can be deeply rooted in people's hearts.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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