构式语法视角下汉语“越A越B”与英语the X-er,the Y-er构式的比较研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 17:33

【摘要】：本文以构式语法为理论依据,主要对汉语“越A越B”构式及英语the X-er,the Y-er构式进行对比研究,旨在探究二者在构式及构式义这两方面的特点。本研究的汉英语料分别选自北京大学中国语言学研究中心语料库和美国当代英语语料库。基于语料库,本文对“越A越B”和the X-er,the Y-er所包含成分的词性特点与搭配,及整个构式的句法特点作了定量分析,并进一步用定性的方法分析了它们的构式义以及构式限制。在此基础上,论文运用比较法探讨了这两个构式在这些方面的共性和差异。“越A越B”构式和the X-er,the Y-er构式的相同点有:1.在构式特点上,1)二者都是标记性构式,且由固定成分(分别为“越”和the)及变量成分(分别为A,B和X and Y)构成;2)就变量成分的词性而言,一个显著的特点就是都可以且频繁地作形容词;3)这两个构式可以整体在单句中充当成分,有时越A(the X-er)、越B(the Y-er)也可以在复句中分别作成分;4)两个构式中的某些成分有时会出现省略现象。2.在构式义上,1)二者具有倚变关系,包括常态倚变和异态倚变;2)二者还可以表达条件义和因果义;3)A、B、X和Y的词性都受它们所在构式的限制,进入两个构式的形容词必须具有可变性的特点。“越A越B”构式和the X-er,the Y-er构式的不同点有:1.在构式特点上,1)“越”是副词性关联词语,而the是置于句首的标句词;2)较之X、Y,A、B的词性种类更多,因为前者受英语比较级用法的限制;3)“越A越B”构式有时会与一些标记词连用,主要有三类——否定类、条件类和转折类,而倒装是the X-er,the Y-er独有的构式特点。2.在构式限制上,“越A越B”不能与完成体连用,而the X-er,the Y-er不能出现在虚拟语气句中。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of construction grammar, this paper focuses on the contrastive study of the Chinese construction of "over A over B" and the English the X-erthe Y-er construction in order to explore the characteristics of the two constructions in terms of construction and construction meaning. The Chinese-English corpus of this study is selected from the Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Peking University and the American Contemporary English Corpus. Based on the corpus, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the part of speech and collocation of the components contained in "crossing A over B" and the X-erthe Y-er, as well as the syntactic characteristics of the whole construction, and further analyzes their constructional meanings and constructional limitations by qualitative method. On this basis, the paper discusses the similarities and differences of the two constructions in these aspects by means of comparative method. The similarities between the "A and B" constructions and the X-erer Y-er constructions are as follows: 1. Both of them are marked constructions, and they are composed of fixed components ("Yue" and the) and variable components (Agna B and X and Y, respectively) as far as the part of speech of variable components is concerned. A notable feature is that both can and frequently be used as adjectives 3) these two constructions can act as elements in a single sentence as a whole. Sometimes the A (the X-er), the Y-er can also be used as a component in the complex sentence. Some of the components in the two constructions sometimes appear ellipsis. In terms of construction meaning, there is a bias relationship between them, including normal bias and heteromorphic bias. They can also express conditional meaning and causal meaning 3) the parts of speech of AZBX and Y are all restricted by their constructions. Adjectives entering two constructions must be characterized by variability. The difference between the "cross A and B" constructions and the X-ern the Y-er constructions is: 1. (1) "Yue" is an adverb relative word, while "the" is a marker word "2" placed at the beginning of a sentence. Because the former is restricted by the English comparative usage (3) the construction of "Yue A over B" is sometimes used with some markers, including three kinds of negative, conditional and turning classes, while inversion is the unique construction characteristic of the X-erthe Y-er. In construction limitation, "crossing A and B" can not be used with perfect aspect, while the X-erthe Y-er can not appear in subjunctive modal sentence.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

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