汉语“用”和英语“use”的语法化对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 09:47

【摘要】：由于世界经济的发展和中国"走出去"战略的实施,汉语和英语两种语言之间的对比研究逐渐增多,对比的角度更加多元,成果斐然。汉语的"用"是人们常用词之一,在日常生活用语中占据重要地位。一般在教学或者翻译中,人们习惯将汉语的"用"和英语的"use"画上等号,但两者在词性和意义的差异会引起翻译不对等现象。本研究从共时和历时的角度,利用国家语委现代平行语料库和英语国家语料库(BNC),对汉语的"用"和英语中的"use"的语法化进程进行描述性和解释性研究相结合,定量研究和定性研究相补充研究以下问题:(1)语法化路径中汉语"用"和英语"use"不同点是什么?(2)语法化过程中汉语"用"和英语"use"表现的不同点特点有哪些?本研究有以下发现:汉语中的"用"和英语中的"use",在语法化程度上存在差异;汉语的"用"语法化程度高于英语的"use"。具体表现在汉语的"用"具有了介词词性及用法,但语法化并不彻底,存在叠用现象,而英语中的"use"表现出固定的动词搭配和固定句型,语义的虚化程度较低。从路径上看,汉语"用"有一条语法化路径,即从动词虚化而来;而英语中的"use"却有两条:一条动词虚化而来,一条则从名词虚化而来。汉语"用"和英语"use"在语法化进程中表现出不同的特征,汉语"用"表现出等级性、抽象性、单向性、持续性等,而英语"use"则表现为抽象形、主体化、持续性等特征。英语"use"虽然在语法化进程中,等级性表现的不明显,但是其主体化倾向却较为明显;汉语"用"更多地表现为抽象化和持续性特征。总之,本研究从语法化的角度对比研究了汉语的"用"和英语的"use"以期为类型学研究添砖加瓦,并丰富对比语言学研究的成果。
[Abstract]:Due to the development of the world economy and the implementation of China's "going out" strategy, the comparative study between Chinese and English has gradually increased, and the angle of contrast is more diversified, and the results are remarkable. The Chinese word "use" is one of the common words and plays an important role in daily life. In general, in teaching or translation, people are used to equating the "use" of Chinese and "use" of English, but the differences between them in terms of part of speech and meaning will lead to the phenomenon of non-equivalence in translation. From the synchronic and diachronic point of view, this study combines the descriptive and explanatory studies of the grammaticalization process of "use" in Chinese and "use" in English by using the modern parallel corpus of the National language Commission and the English-speaking National Corpus (BNC),). Quantitative and qualitative studies complement the following questions: (1) what are the differences between "use" in Chinese and "use" in English in the grammaticalization path? (2) what are the differences between "use" in Chinese and "use" in English in the process of grammaticalization? The present study finds that there are differences in grammaticalization between "use" in Chinese and "use" in English, and the grammaticalization of "use" in Chinese is higher than that in "use" in English. The concrete manifestation is that the "use" in Chinese has the preposition and its usage, but the grammaticalization is not thorough, and there exists the phenomenon of overlapping. "use" in English shows fixed verb collocation and fixed sentence pattern, and the semantic nihilization is relatively low. From the point of view of path, there is a grammaticalization path in Chinese "use", that is, it comes from the verbalism of verbs, while "use" in English has two items: one verb comes from nihilization and the other comes from noun nihilization. Chinese "use" and English "use" show different characteristics in the process of grammaticalization. Chinese "use" shows hierarchical, abstract, unidirectional and persistent characteristics, while English "use" shows abstract, subjective, persistent and other characteristics. Although the gradation of English "use" is not obvious in the process of grammaticalization, the tendency of "use" is obvious, and the "use" of Chinese is characterized by abstraction and persistence. In a word, the present study makes a contrastive study of "use" in Chinese and "use" in English from the perspective of grammaticalization in order to contribute to typology and enrich the achievements of contrastive linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

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