《檀香刑》中文化专有项的异化与归化翻译研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 07:59
【摘要】：《檀香刑》是首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家莫言的代表作之一,文中含有的大量富有中国特色的文化专有项,给作品的英译带来了巨大的挑战。美国汉学家及翻译家葛浩文,作为莫言大部分作品的专属译者,承担了《檀香刑》的英译工作。在对文中大量文化专有项进行翻译时,葛浩文主要采取了归化和异化两大翻译策略。归化是以目的语文化为取向的翻译策略,倾向于采用符合目的语语言文化习惯的表达方式,以求使译文更加通俗易懂,更容易被目的语读者所接受。异化是指以源语文化为取向的翻译策略,要求译者在进行翻译时力求体现源语文化的特色,尽最大可能地保留翻译作品的异国情调。二者的功能和目的都不尽相同,如何合理的运用这两大策略以便进行有效的文化交流和传播,对翻译者来说是不小的考验。通过对《檀香刑》全书所有文化专有项的甄选,归类及定量和定性分析,本文有了如下发现:文化专有项被分为六大类,除了生态文化专有项之外,其他大类异化翻译的比重均大于归化翻译的比重;葛浩文在翻译文化专有项时最常用的翻译方法包括直译,意译和音译;在翻译文化专有项的小类诸如衣物,建筑物,日用品,人名,地名,时间表示,度量衡,历史及神话人物,宗教元素,俗语,歇后语及咒骂语中,葛浩文更倾向于用异化策略保持原文的中国特色,而在翻译其他小类诸如饮食,社会身份,称谓,刑罚,四字成语,委婉语,转喻及生态类词汇时,倾向于用归化策略来消除文化不对等所带来的阅读困惑。总体而言,《檀香刑》中文化专有项的翻译是以异化翻译为主,归化翻译为辅的,二者并不是对立冲突而是在所达成的翻译目的上有所不同。在翻译的过程中,译者很难只用一种翻译策略就翻译出好的作品来,只有把归化和异化策略合理结合才能呈现好的译本给读者。在使用的过程中,一些疏漏也在所难免,但葛浩文的译文还是较为成功地实现了有效的文化交流和传播。本研究将《檀香刑》中所有的文化专有项进行收集整理并作出了相对完整的分析,对异化、归化策略具体操作技巧和方法进行解析,以期得到较以往研究更为充分客观的结论,也希望为其他中文作品中文化专有项的英译提供思路和启发。
[Abstract]:Sandalwood punishment is one of the masterpieces of Mo Yan, the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. It contains a large number of culturally exclusive items with Chinese characteristics, which brings great challenges to the translation of works into English. As the sole translator of most of Mo Yan's works, the American sinologist and translator, GE Haowen, is responsible for translating sandalwood punishment into English. In translating a large number of culture-specific items, the author mainly adopts two translation strategies: domestication and foreignization. Domestication is a translation strategy oriented by the target language, which tends to adopt the expression mode which is in line with the cultural habits of the target language, in order to make the translation easier to understand and to be accepted by the target language readers. Alienation refers to the translation strategy which takes the source language as its orientation and requires the translator to try his best to embody the cultural characteristics of the source language and to keep the exotic tone of the translated work as far as possible. The functions and purposes of the two strategies are different. How to use these two strategies in order to carry out effective cultural exchange and communication is a great test for translators. Through the selection, classification and quantitative and qualitative analysis of all the cultural exclusive items in the book, the author finds that the cultural exclusive items are divided into six categories, except the ecological cultural exclusive items. The proportion of other major categories of foreignization translation is greater than that of domesticated translation; the most commonly used translation methods in translating culture-specific items include literal translation, free translation and transliteration; in the translation of culture-specific items, subcategories such as clothing, buildings, commodities, etc. In names, place names, time representations, weights and measures, historical and mythical figures, religious elements, colloquial sayings, exhortations and expletives, Gehor tends to use dissimilation strategies to preserve the Chinese character of the original text, while translating other subcategories such as diet. Social identity, appellation, punishment, four-character idioms, euphemism, metonymy and ecological vocabulary tend to eliminate the reading confusion caused by cultural inequality. In general, the translation of culture-specific items in sandalwood punishment is mainly foreignization translation, supplemented by domesticated translation. The two translation purposes are different from each other. In the process of translation, it is difficult for a translator to translate a good work with only one translation strategy. Only by combining domestication and alienation strategy can a good translation be presented to the reader. In the process of use, some omissions are inevitable, but the translation of the text has successfully realized the effective cultural exchange and dissemination. In this study, all the culture-specific items in sandalwood punishment are collected and sorted out, and a relatively complete analysis is made, and the specific operational techniques and methods of alienation and domestication are analyzed, in order to obtain a more complete and objective conclusion than previous studies. It also hopes to provide ideas and inspiration for English translation of cultural specific items in other Chinese works.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315.9
本文编号：2233847
[Abstract]:Sandalwood punishment is one of the masterpieces of Mo Yan, the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. It contains a large number of culturally exclusive items with Chinese characteristics, which brings great challenges to the translation of works into English. As the sole translator of most of Mo Yan's works, the American sinologist and translator, GE Haowen, is responsible for translating sandalwood punishment into English. In translating a large number of culture-specific items, the author mainly adopts two translation strategies: domestication and foreignization. Domestication is a translation strategy oriented by the target language, which tends to adopt the expression mode which is in line with the cultural habits of the target language, in order to make the translation easier to understand and to be accepted by the target language readers. Alienation refers to the translation strategy which takes the source language as its orientation and requires the translator to try his best to embody the cultural characteristics of the source language and to keep the exotic tone of the translated work as far as possible. The functions and purposes of the two strategies are different. How to use these two strategies in order to carry out effective cultural exchange and communication is a great test for translators. Through the selection, classification and quantitative and qualitative analysis of all the cultural exclusive items in the book, the author finds that the cultural exclusive items are divided into six categories, except the ecological cultural exclusive items. The proportion of other major categories of foreignization translation is greater than that of domesticated translation; the most commonly used translation methods in translating culture-specific items include literal translation, free translation and transliteration; in the translation of culture-specific items, subcategories such as clothing, buildings, commodities, etc. In names, place names, time representations, weights and measures, historical and mythical figures, religious elements, colloquial sayings, exhortations and expletives, Gehor tends to use dissimilation strategies to preserve the Chinese character of the original text, while translating other subcategories such as diet. Social identity, appellation, punishment, four-character idioms, euphemism, metonymy and ecological vocabulary tend to eliminate the reading confusion caused by cultural inequality. In general, the translation of culture-specific items in sandalwood punishment is mainly foreignization translation, supplemented by domesticated translation. The two translation purposes are different from each other. In the process of translation, it is difficult for a translator to translate a good work with only one translation strategy. Only by combining domestication and alienation strategy can a good translation be presented to the reader. In the process of use, some omissions are inevitable, but the translation of the text has successfully realized the effective cultural exchange and dissemination. In this study, all the culture-specific items in sandalwood punishment are collected and sorted out, and a relatively complete analysis is made, and the specific operational techniques and methods of alienation and domestication are analyzed, in order to obtain a more complete and objective conclusion than previous studies. It also hopes to provide ideas and inspiration for English translation of cultural specific items in other Chinese works.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315.9
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