《唐顿庄园》中冲突性话语的语用分析

发布时间：2018-09-11 06:59

【摘要】：冲突作为一种复杂的交际行为,广泛地存在于社会生活之中,对人们的交际互动有着至关重要的影响。当冲突出现在对话活动当中且以语言的形式展现出来时,就形成了冲突话语。冲突话语有狭义和广义之分,狭义而言它属于一种言语行为,如不赞同(disagreeing)、反对(opposing)和争执(arguing)等;广义而言,它属于一种言语事件,如争吵(quarrels)和反驳(disputes)等。无论广义还是狭义,冲突话语都是一种具有敌对性质的交际行为。若处理不当,将导致交际中断,甚至成为成功交际的一大障碍。因此,冲突话语引起国内外不同领域的关注,如社会学、人类学、心理学和语言学等,但是从语用学角度探索冲突话语的研究还是少数。本文以语用学的会话分析和礼貌原理为框架,对《唐顿庄园》中的冲突话语进行探索性的分析,其目的在于系统地对影视作品中的冲突话语进行概括分析,在会话分析及礼貌原理的指导下找出解决冲突话语的策略。论文依据会话分析和礼貌原理,采用定性研究方法,对前三季的语料给予详细的研究。本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。第一部分是导论。综述概括了冲突话语的研究背景及对《唐顿庄园》中冲突话语研究的目的和意义。对冲突话语的研究起初源于其在人类学、社会学、心理学、哲学的探索。从20世纪80年代开始,冲突话语作为会话分析的一个分支受到学者的关注。《唐顿庄园》是典型的充满冲突话语的英国影视作品,因此是研究冲突话语的经典案例。然而迄今为止,从语用学角度系统分析《唐顿庄园》中冲突话语的屈指可数,这也是论文的创新之处,从而引导很多读者从新的视角来欣赏影视作品。第二部分是正文,由四部分组成:第一章综述了冲突话语的国内外研究现状,并从语用学角度给予冲突话语一个全新的阐释。《唐顿庄园》是一部充满冲突话语的影视杰作,为冲突话语的研究提供了好的素材。冲突话语可分为三个阶段,即起始阶段、激化阶段和结束阶段。第二章介绍会话分析理论及礼貌原理,解释了会话分析理论中的话轮转换规则、相邻对子、选择等级和礼貌原理中的面子威胁论、礼貌策略。第三章是从会话分析角度,详细分析《唐顿庄园》中的冲突话语的特征。此部分详细论证了冲突话语如何在起始阶段开始的,然后通过争论、非顺从、重复、对抗性发问及打断等模式进一步被激化的,最后通过采取屈服、折中、退出僵局或第三方介入等策略如何结束的。第四章从礼貌理论视角分析《唐顿庄园》中冲突话语的起因及面子理论指导下冲突话语的两种话语表征。其中从会话参与者方面来说主要是听话者的消极应答或说话人的不正常交际引起冲突话语,从社会心里方面来说主要是利己主义、交际双方不同的价值观念或性格差异所导致的冲突话语。冲突话语的本质其实就是面子威胁。所以在此理论下,冲突话语的两种不同的语言表达形式为言语行为威胁说话者的面子及言语行为威胁听话者的面子。最后一部分是结论。这部分主要是对前面的论述进行归纳。通过分析电视剧《唐顿庄园》中的冲突话语,证明用语用学理论中的会话分析及礼貌原理研究冲突话语是可行的,最后对本文的存在的局限性进行总结。并对未来的研究提出建议,希望人们更加关注日常生活中的冲突话语,且能运用合适的方法应对这些冲突,从而使得人们可以成功的进行交流。
[Abstract]:Conflict, as a complex communicative act, exists widely in social life and has a vital influence on people's communicative interaction. Conflict utterances are formed when conflicts appear in conversational activities and appear in the form of language. Conflict utterances can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense. In a narrow sense, conflict utterances belong to a kind of speech. Behavior, such as disagreeing, opposing and arguing, belongs to a kind of speech event in a broad sense, such as quarrels and disputes. Conflicting utterances, in both broad and narrow sense, are hostile communicative behaviors. If not handled properly, they will lead to communication disruption and even successful communication. Therefore, conflicting utterances have attracted much attention from different fields, such as sociology, anthropology, psychology and linguistics. However, few studies have explored conflicting utterances from the perspective of pragmatics. Based on conversational analysis and politeness principle, this paper makes a qualitative study of the corpus of the first three seasons in detail. This paper consists of the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. The first part is the introduction. It summarizes the research background of Conflict Discourse and the purpose and significance of the study of Conflict Discourse in Downton Hall. The study of Conflict Discourse originated from its exploration in anthropology, sociology, psychology and philosophy. Since the 1980s, conflict discourse has been accepted as a branch of conversational analysis. To the attention of scholars. is a typical English film and television work full of conflict discourse, so it is a classic case of Conflict Discourse study. However, so far, from the perspective of pragmatics, systematic analysis of Conflict Discourse in is very few, which is also the innovation of this paper, thus leading many readers to be happy from a new perspective. The second part is the main text, which consists of four parts: Chapter One reviews the current research situation of Conflict Discourse at home and abroad, and gives a new interpretation of Conflict Discourse from the perspective of pragmatics. Chapter 2 introduces conversational analysis theory and politeness principle, explains turn-taking rules in conversational analysis theory, adjacent pairs, face threat theory in choice hierarchy and politeness principle, and politeness strategies. This part demonstrates in detail how Conflict Discourse begins at the initial stage, then is further intensified through arguments, non-compliance, repetition, confrontational questioning and interruption, and finally ends with strategies such as yielding, compromising, withdrawing from deadlock or third-party intervention. This paper analyzes the causes of conflict utterances in Downton Hall and the two discourse representations of conflict utterances under the guidance of face theory.From the perspective of conversational participants, it is mainly the negative response of the hearer or the conflict utterances caused by the abnormal communication of the speaker, and from the perspective of social psychology, it is mainly egoism and the different values of the communicators. Conflict utterances caused by differences in mindset or personality. The essence of conflict utterances is face threat. Therefore, under this theory, the two different forms of language expression of conflict utterances are speech acts threatening the face of the speaker and speech acts threatening the face of the hearer. The last part is the conclusion. This part is mainly about the previous discussion. Through the analysis of the Conflict Discourse in the TV play Downton Hall, this paper proves that it is feasible to study the Conflict Discourse from the perspective of conversational analysis and politeness principle in pragmatics. Finally, it summarizes the limitations of this paper and puts forward some suggestions for future research, hoping that people will pay more attention to the Conflict Discourse in daily life and that it is possible to do so. Use appropriate methods to deal with these conflicts, so that people can communicate successfully.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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